Likwelo 98-6: Libála ya See saw LED na Arduino

Likwelo 98-6: Libála ya See saw LED na Arduino

Projeti ya LED ya seesaw ke muthiru wa mbere wa beginner uu ufundisha kimwe cha dhana za muhimu sana mu programming ya Arduino: kufanya outputs mbili zipishane kwa mdundo wa muda. Ukitumia LED mbili tu, resistors mbili, na waya chache za jumper, utajenga circuit ambapo LED ya kijani na LED nyekundu zinapishana kuwaka, zikifanana na mwendo wa juu na chini wa seesaw ya uwanja wa michezo. Ni ujenzi rahisi, lakini unatambulisha vipengele vya msingi — ufafanuzi wa pin, constants za muda, na mfululizo wa digitalWrite() — vinavyoonekana karibu katika kila sketch ya Arduino utakayoandika.

Kwa sababu muundo wa seesaw kwa kweli ni "washa kitu kimoja, kizime, washa kitu kingine, kizime, rudia," muundo huo huo unakua katika matumizi kadhaa ya vitendo. Hapa kuna mawazo machache ya kuchochea mawazo yako:

• Taa za indicator zinazopishana — jozi ya "salama / tahadhari" kwenye paneli ya kudhibiti inayobadilishana.
• Uigaji wa kivuko cha reli — taa mbili zinazowaka kwa kupishana wakati treni inakaribia.
• Alama ya mwelekeo wa njia mbili — onyesho la mshale la "nenda hivi / nenda vile" kwa njia ya kuingia au maegesho.
• Mapambo ya sikukuu — LED nyekundu na kijani zikibadilishana nafasi kwa athari ya kuwaka ya sherehe.
• Msingi wa kujifunza — ujuzi wa muda na mfululizo hapa ni ule ule utakaotumia baadaye kwa taa za trafiki, taa za kutembea, na uhuishaji wa LED nyingi.

Jinsi Athari ya Seesaw Inavyofanya Kazi

LED ni diode inayotoa mwanga, na alama yake ni pembetatu inayoelekea mstari. Mstari tambarare ni cathode (negative), na nyuma ya pembetatu ni anode (positive). Kwenye LED halisi, mguu mrefu ni anode na mguu mfupi, wenye upande tambarare ni cathode. Umeme unatoka anode hadi cathode, hivyo anode inaunganishwa kuelekea pin ya Arduino na cathode inaunganishwa kupitia resistor hadi ground (kwenye video saa 02:29).

Resistor ni muhimu. LED ndogo ya kawaida inahitaji takriban 2 V na karibu 10 mA ya umeme. Ikiwa Arduino yako inatoa 5 V, 3 V iliyobaki lazima ipunguzwe na resistor. Kwa kutumia sheria ya Ohm, R = V / I = 3 V / 0.01 A = 300 Ω. Kitu chochote kutoka karibu 300 Ω hadi 1000 Ω kitafanya kazi — thamani kubwa hufanya LED kuwa hafifu zaidi (kwenye video saa 03:49).

Kwa seesaw, LED mbili zimeunganishwa sawa: kila anode inaenda kwenye pin yake ya Arduino, na kila cathode inapitia resistor yake hadi reli ya ground inayoshirikiwa. Tofauti pekee kati yao ni pin wanayoambatanishwa nayo.

Vifaa na Vipengele

• 1 × bodi ya Arduino (Uno, Nano, Mega, au sawa)
• 2 × LED — moja nyekundu, moja kijani (rangi yoyote mbili zinafanya kazi)
• 2 × resistors, 300 Ω hadi 1000 Ω (220 Ω au 330 Ω ni chaguo la kawaida)
• 1 × breadboard
• Waya za jumper (waya za DuPont)
• Kebo ya USB kwa programming na nishati

Ndiyo hivyo — hakuna push buttons, hakuna potentiometers, hakuna sensors. Hii ni kwa makusudi orodha ndogo zaidi ya vipengele ili uweze kuzingatia kabisa mantiki ya code.

Mwongozo wa Kuunganisha

Kuunganisha ni kwa ulinganifu na rahisi kufuata. Ingiza LED zote mbili kwenye breadboard. Unganisha anode (mguu mrefu) wa LED ya kijani na pin 2 ya Arduino na anode ya LED nyekundu na pin 3 ya Arduino. Kila cathode (mguu mfupi) inaunganishwa na mwisho mmoja wa resistor yake, na mwisho mwingine wa resistors zote mbili unajiunga na reli ya kawaida inayoelekea GND ya Arduino (kwenye video saa 27:45).

Kwa sababu LED zote mbili zinashiriki reli moja ya ground, waya moja tu ya ground inahitajika kutoka breadboard kurudi Arduino. Waya mbili za signal — moja kwa pin 2, moja kwa pin 3 — ni miunganisho pekee inayobadilika kati ya LED mbili.

Maelezo ya Code

Sketch ni fupi kwa makusudi ili kila mstari uwe na maana. Hapa kuna sehemu ambazo kwa kweli utataka kurekebisha:

Ufafanuzi wa Pin

const int greenLEDPin = 2;//define a pin for green LED
const int redLEDPin = 3;//define a pin for red LED

Constants hizi mbili zinaambia Arduino pin ambazo LED zimeunganishwa nazo. Ikiwa uliunganisha LED zako na pin tofauti — sema pin 8 na pin 9 — hapa ndipo mahali pekee unahitaji kubadilisha. Neno const linamaanisha thamani imewekwa kwa muda wote wa programu na haiwezi kufutwa kwa bahati mbaya baadaye.

Constant ya Muda

const int ON_TIME = 500;

Motu moko moko oyo ezali kokamba ntango ya LED moko moko etikali na pole, na ba milliseconde. 500 ya ebandeli elingi koloba LED moko moko ezali na pole mpo na ndambo ya seconde, yango mpo na cycle mobimba ya vert na sima rouge ezwaka seconde moko. Kokitisa yango na 200 mpo na blink ya noki, to komatisa yango na 1000 mpo na rythme ya malɛmbɛ ya seconde moko na LED moko moko (na video na 30:17). Lokola ba LED mibale ekabwani constante oyo, ntango nyonso ezali na sync — seesaw etikali na équilibre.

Setup

Na kati ya setup(), ba pins mibale ebengami ba outputs na pinMode(), mpe serial monitor ebandi na 9600 baud mpo okoka kotala ba messages ya état ya LED ezali koleka. Oyo esalemaka mbala moko, ntango board ezwaka courant.

Loop

Fonction loop() ezali esika seesaw esalemaka. Esalaka ba actions minei na molongo: kopelisa LED ya vert, kozela ON_TIME milliseconde, kopimisa yango, sima kosala ndenge moko mpo na LED ya rouge. Ntango loop ekómi na suka, ebandaka lisusu na likolo automatiquement — yango nde comportement mobimba ya "seesaw". Ezali na variable ya état te mpe condition ya kotala te, mpo que pattern ezali sé na molongo.

Projet ya Live mpe Démonstration

Ntango code etyami, okomona LED ya vert epelisi mpo na ndambo ya seconde, sima LED ya rouge, sima vert lisusu, na suka te. Kokangola serial monitor (Tools → Serial Monitor, to Ctrl+Shift+M) emonisaka "Green LED ON" mpe "Red LED ON" ekomami ntango pattern ezali kokende, oyo ezali nzela ya malamu ya kondima que timing ekokani na oyo otiami.

Meka kobongisa ON_TIME na 200 mpe kotya lisusu — ba LEDs ekosala échange noki mingi. Tyá yango na 1000 mpe seesaw ekokoma alternance ya malɛmbɛ mpe ya bokasi. Okoki mpe kokabola Arduino na USB mpe kopesa yango courant na batterie to adaptateur ya 5 V; sketch ekosala ndenge moko mpo etyami déjà na mémoire ya board.

Ba projets oyo ekangami na video oyo

• Lesson 98-1: How to Turn On and Off an LED with Arduino
• Lesson 98-2: How to Turn On and Off an LED Using a Push Button with Arduino
• Lesson 98-3: How to Turn On/Off a Toggle LED Using a Push Button with Arduino
• Lesson 98-4: Fading an LED Light Using Arduino: Brightness Control
• Lesson 98-5: Fade Light When a Button Is Pressed Using Arduino
• Lesson 98-7: Walking Light Using Arduino and 5 LEDs
• Lesson 98-8: Walking Light with Push Button and LEDs with Arduino
• Lesson 98-9: LED Voltage Level Meter Using Arduino or walking light with potentiometer
• Lesson 98-10: Arduino Traffic Light

Ba chapitres

• [00:00] Overview of the 10 Arduino LED projects
• [01:22] Introduction to the Arduino step-by-step course
• [02:29] Understanding LEDs: symbol, anode, and cathode
• [03:49] Calculating the LED series resistor with Ohm's law
• [27:32] Introducing the seesaw LED project
• [27:45] Wiring diagram for the seesaw project
• [28:28] Explaining the seesaw code
• [30:06] Demonstrating the seesaw with different timings
• [30:47] Walking light project overview
• [36:41] Walking light controlled by push button
• [42:25] LED voltage bar meter with potentiometer
• [49:25] Arduino traffic light project

Images

Arduino wiring for two LEDs see saw

Arduino schematic for two LEDs see saw

330_ohm_resistor

two LEDs with resistor on breadboard connected to Arduino

Arduino wiring for two LEDs see saw

Arduino schematic for two LEDs see saw

330_ohm_resistor

two LEDs with resistor on breadboard connected to Arduino

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