Kwas 98-6: Wasan LED See saw da Arduino

Kwas 98-6: Wasan LED See saw da Arduino

Aikin seesaw LED aikin gwaji ne na farko na gargajiya wanda ke koyar da ɗaya daga cikin muhimman ra'ayoyi a shirye-shiryen Arduino: sa fitilu biyu su juya bi da bi a cikin ƙayyadadden lokaci. Ta amfani da LED biyu kawai, resistors biyu, da ƴan wayoyi na jumper, za ka gina da'ira inda LED kore da LED ja suke bi da bi suna haskakawa, suna kwaikwayon motsin sama da ƙasa na seesaw na filin wasa. Gina ne mai sauƙi, amma yana gabatar da muhimman tubalan gini — ma'anar pins, ƙayyadaddun lokaci, da kira digitalWrite() a jere — waɗanda suke bayyana a kusan kowane zanen Arduino da za ka taɓa rubutawa.

Domin tsarin seesaw ainihin "kunna abu ɗaya, kashe shi, kunna ɗayan, kashe shi, maimaita," wannan tsarin yana faɗaɗa zuwa amfani da yawa na aiki. Ga wasu ra'ayoyi don tada tunaninka:

• Fitilun nuni masu juyawa — nau'i biyu na "lafiya / faɗakarwa" a kan allon sarrafawa da ke musanya gaba da baya.
• Kwaikwayon mararraban jirgin ƙasa — fitilu biyu suna ƙyalli a jere yayin da jirgin ƙasa ke gabatowa.
• Alamar shugabanci ta hanya biyu — nunin kibiya na "ta wannan hanya / ta wancan hanya" don hanyar shiga ko filin ajiye motoci.
• Adon biki — LED ja da kore suna musanya wurare don tasirin ƙyalli na biki.
• Tushen koyo — ƙwarewar lokaci da jeri a nan su ne waɗanda za ka yi amfani da su daga baya don fitilun hanya, fitilun tafiya, da raye-rayen LED da yawa.

Yadda Tasirin Seesaw Yake Aiki

LED diode ne da ke fitar da haske, kuma alamarsa triangle ce da ke nuna layi. Layin da yake kwance shi ne cathode (korau), kuma bayan triangle shi ne anode (tabbatacce). A kan LED na zahiri, ƙafar da ta fi tsayi ita ce anode kuma ƙafar da ta fi guntu, mai gefen kwance ita ce cathode. Wutar lantarki tana gudana daga anode zuwa cathode, don haka anode yana haɗawa zuwa pin ɗin Arduino ɗinka kuma cathode yana haɗawa ta resistor zuwa ƙasa (a bidiyo a 02:29).

Resistor ɗin yana da muhimmanci. Ƙaramin LED na yau da kullum yana son kusan 2 V a kansa da kusan 10 mA na wutar lantarki. Idan Arduino ɗinka yana bayar da 5 V, sauran 3 V dole ne resistor ya sauke su. Ta amfani da dokar Ohm, R = V / I = 3 V / 0.01 A = 300 Ω. Duk wani abu daga kusan 300 Ω zuwa 1000 Ω zai yi aiki — ƙimar da ta fi girma tana sa LED ɗin ya fi duhu (a bidiyo a 03:49).

Don seesaw, LED ɗin biyu an haɗa su daidai: kowane anode yana zuwa pin ɗin Arduino nasa, kuma kowane cathode yana wucewa ta resistor nasa zuwa hanyar ƙasa ɗaya da aka raba. Bambanci ɗaya kawai tsakanin su biyun shi ne pin ɗin da aka haɗa su da shi.

Kayan Aiki da Abubuwan Haɗi

• 1 × allon Arduino (Uno, Nano, Mega, ko makamancin haka)
• 2 × LED — ɗaya ja, ɗaya kore (kowane launi biyu zai yi aiki)
• 2 × resistors, 300 Ω zuwa 1000 Ω (220 Ω ko 330 Ω zaɓi ne na yau da kullum)
• 1 × breadboard
• Wayoyin jumper (wayoyin DuPont)
• USB cable don shirye-shirye da wutar lantarki

Shi ke nan — babu maɓallan turawa, babu potentiometers, babu na'urori masu auna sigina. Wannan da gangan shi ne jerin sassa mafi ƙanƙanta da zai yiwu domin ka mai da hankali gaba ɗaya kan dabarun code ɗin.

Jagorar Haɗawa

Haɗawar tana da daidaito kuma mai sauƙin bi. Saka LED ɗin biyu a cikin breadboard. Haɗa anode (ƙafar da ta fi tsayi) na LED kore zuwa Arduino pin 2 da anode na LED ja zuwa Arduino pin 3. Kowane cathode (ƙafar da ta fi guntu) yana haɗawa da ƙarshen resistor nasa, kuma ƙarshen biyun na resistors ɗin biyu yana haɗuwa da hanyar da aka raba wadda ke gudana zuwa GND pin na Arduino (a bidiyo a 27:45).

Domin LED ɗin biyu suna raba hanyar ƙasa ɗaya, waya ɗaya ta ƙasa kawai ake buƙata daga breadboard zuwa Arduino. Wayoyin sigina biyu — ɗaya zuwa pin 2, ɗaya zuwa pin 3 — su ne kawai haɗin da ke canzawa tsakanin LED ɗin biyu.

Bayanin Code

Zanen da gangan gajere ne domin kowane layi yana da ma'ana. Ga sassan da za ka so ka daidaita:

Ma'anar Pins

const int greenLEDPin = 2;//define a pin for green LED
const int redLEDPin = 3;//define a pin for red LED

Waɗannan kullun biyu suna gaya wa Arduino pins ɗin da LED ɗin suka haɗa. Idan ka haɗa LED ɗin ka zuwa pins daban — misali pin 8 da pin 9 — wannan ne kawai wurin da za ka canza. Kalmar const tana nufin ƙimar ta tsaya tsayin daka tsawon rayuwar shirin kuma ba za a iya rubuta ta bisa kuskure ba daga baya.

Ƙayyadaddun Lokaci

const int ON_TIME = 500;

Wannan ƙima ɗaya tana sarrafa tsawon lokacin da kowane LED zai ci gaba da haskakawa, a cikin millise seconds. Tsohuwar ƙima ta 500 tana nufin kowane LED yana kunne na rabin daƙiƙa, don haka cikakken zagaye na kore-sa'annan-ja yana ɗaukar daƙiƙa ɗaya. Rage shi zuwa 200 don saurin ƙyalli, ko ƙara shi zuwa 1000 don jinkirin daƙiƙa ɗaya na kowane LED (a bidiyo a 30:17). Saboda duka LEDs suna raba wannan ƙima, koyaushe suna kasancewa cikin daidaito — seesaw ɗin yana kasancewa daidai.

Saiti

A cikin setup(), an ayyana filaye biyu a matsayin fitarwa tare da pinMode(), kuma an fara serial monitor a 9600 baud domin ka iya kallon saƙonnin yanayin LED suna gudana. Wannan yana gudana sau ɗaya, lokacin da allon ya kunna.

Madauki

Aikin loop() shine inda seesaw ɗin ke faruwa. Yana yin ayyuka huɗu a jere: kunna LED ɗin kore, jira ON_TIME millise seconds, kashe shi, sannan yi haka ga LED ɗin ja. Lokacin da madaukin ya kai ƙarshe, yana sake farawa daga sama kai tsaye — wannan shine duk halin "seesaw". Babu wani canjin yanayi kuma babu wani sharadi da za a bincika, saboda tsarin yana tafiya ne kawai a jere.

Aikin Kai Tsaye da Nuni

Da zarar an loda lambar, za ka ga LED ɗin kore ya haskaka na rabin daƙiƙa, sannan LED ɗin ja, sannan kore kuma, har abada. Buɗe serial monitor (Tools → Serial Monitor, ko Ctrl+Shift+M) yana nuna "Green LED ON" da "Red LED ON" ana bugawa yayin da tsarin ke gudana, wanda hanya ce mai amfani don tabbatar da cewa lokacin ya dace da abin da ka saita.

Gwada canza ON_TIME zuwa 200 sannan sake lodawa — LEDs ɗin za su sauya da sauri sosai. Saita shi zuwa 1000 kuma seesaw ɗin zai zama jinkirin musanya. Hakanan zaka iya cire Arduino daga USB kuma ka ba shi wuta daga baturi ko adaftar 5 V; sketch ɗin yana gudana daidai saboda an riga an adana shi a ƙwaƙwalwar allon.

Ayyukan da suka danganci wannan bidiyo

• Darasi 98-1: Yadda ake Kunna da Kashe LED da Arduino
• Darasi 98-2: Yadda ake Kunna da Kashe LED ta Amfani da Maɓallin Turawa da Arduino
• Darasi 98-3: Yadda ake Kunna/Kashe LED Mai Juyawa ta Amfani da Maɓallin Turawa da Arduino
• Darasi 98-4: Fading Hasken LED ta Amfani da Arduino: Sarrafa Haske
• Darasi 98-5: Fading Hasken Lokacin da aka Danna Maɓalli ta Amfani da Arduino
• Darasi 98-7: Hasken Tafiya ta Amfani da Arduino da LEDs 5
• Darasi 98-8: Hasken Tafiya da Maɓallin Turawa da LEDs da Arduino
• Darasi 98-9: Ma'aunin Matakin Wutar Lantarki na LED ta Amfani da Arduino ko hasken tafiya da potentiometer
• Darasi 98-10: Hasken Hanya na Arduino

Babi

• [00:00] Bayanin ayyukan LED 10 na Arduino
• [01:22] Gabatarwa ga kwas ɗin Arduino mataki-mataki
• [02:29] Fahimtar LEDs: alama, anode, da cathode
• [03:49] Lissafin resistor ɗin LED na jere da dokar Ohm
• [27:32] Gabatar da aikin seesaw LED
• [27:45] Zanen waya don aikin seesaw
• [28:28] Bayanin lambar seesaw
• [30:06] Nuna seesaw da lokuta daban-daban
• [30:47] Bayanin aikin hasken tafiya
• [36:41] Hasken tafiya da ake sarrafawa da maɓallin turawa
• [42:25] Ma'aunin sandar wutar lantarki na LED da potentiometer
• [49:25] Aikin hasken hanya na Arduino

Hotuna

Arduino wiring for two LEDs see saw

Arduino schematic for two LEDs see saw

330_ohm_resistor

LEDs biyu tare da resistor a kan breadboard an haɗa su da Arduino

Arduino wiring for two LEDs see saw

Arduino schematic for two LEDs see saw

330_ohm_resistor

LEDs biyu tare da resistor a kan breadboard an haɗa su da Arduino

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