Casharka 98-5: Iftiinka Dammaan Marka Badhan La Riixo Iyadoo La Isticmaalayo Arduino

Casharka 98-5: Iftiinka Dammaan Marka Badhan La Riixo Iyadoo La Isticmaalayo Arduino

Casharkan waxaan ku dhisi doontaa iftiin si amarka u damma: riix badhanka riix oo LED-ku wuxuu ka bilaabmaa iftiin buuxa, ka dib si tartiib ah ayuu u hoos u dhacaa ilaa uu damo. Tani waa mid ka mid ah qaababka bilowga ah ee ugu faa'iidada badan Arduino sababtoo ah waxay isku daraysaa gelin dhijitaal ah (badhanka) iyo soo-saar analog PWM ah (iftiinka LED), waxayna ku baraysaa sida loo xakameeyo heersare iyo simnaanta isbeddelka halkii aad kaliya shid lahayn oo damin lahayn shay.

Dammaanshaha marka la codsado wuxuu ka muuqdaa meel kasta oo alaabta dhabta ah. Waa kuwan dhowr siyaabood oo wax ku ool ah oo aad u isticmaali karto waxa aad halkan ka barato:

• Iftiin tilmaame oo si tartiib ah u damma — halkii laambad si degdeg ah u dami lahayd, si tartiib ah ayay u damtaa marka aad badhan riixdo, taas oo ka muuqata si aad u nadiif ah qalabka iyo weelasha 3D-daabacan.
• Qaabka hurdo / sugitaan — riix badhan oo LED-ka xaaladda oo iftiin leh wuxuu u damaa madow si uusan habeenkii ku dhibin, halka wareeggu uu koronto ku sii jiro.
• Iftiinka masraxa ama moodeelka "fade to black" — hal badhan ayaa kiciya dammaansho siman oo LED strip ama panel ah halkii si degdeg ah loo gooyn lahaa.
• Jawaab celin kayd battery ah — riix badhan muddo gaaban ayaa ku siinaya iftiin xaqiijin ah oo dhalaalaya ka dibna damma, sidaas darteed LED-ku wuxuu si buuxda u iftiimayaa waqti gaaban oo keliya.
• Farshaxan isdhexgal leh iyo qalab bandhig — saameyn "neefsasho bax" oo taabasho kiciya, oo ku habboon cosplay, dioramas, ama bandhigyada madxafka.

Fikradda asaasiga ah waa fudud: badhanku wuxuu Arduino u sheegaa "hadda bilow dammaanshaha," Arduino-na wuxuu iftiinka LED ka soo dejiyaa 255 (buuxa) ilaa 0 (dammaan) tallaabooyin yaryar. Sababtoo ah tallaabooyinku waa yaryar yihiin oo si degdeg ah ayay u dhacaan, ishaadu waxay aragtaa dammaansho siman halkii ay arag lahayd boodbood.

Haddii aadan hore u damin LED, xakamaynta iftiinka hoose waxaa lagu daboolay Casharka 98-4: Dammaanshaha Iftiinka LED iyadoo la isticmaalayo Arduino: Xakamaynta Iftiinka. Casharkani wuxuu si toos ah u dhisayaa aasaaskaas isagoo ku daraya badhan riix sida kiciyaha.

Qalabka iyo Qaybaha

Kani waa dhismo aad u qiimo jaban — wax walba halkan waa qalabka caadiga ah ee xirmada bilowga:

• Boodhka Arduino (Uno, Nano, Mega, ama boodh kasta oo la jaanqaadi kara)
• Hal LED (5 mm ama 3 mm, midab kasta)
• Hal badhan riix (momentary, nooca taabashada 4-pin ayaa si fiican u shaqeeya)
• Hal resistor oo LED-ka ah — meel kasta oo ka mid ah 200 Ω ilaa 1000 Ω (220 Ω ama 330 Ω ee caadiga ah ayaa ku fiican)
• Breadboard iyo fiilooyinka DuPont jumper
• Fiilada USB ee barnaamijka (iyo battery ama adapter 5 V haddii aad rabto inuu si xorta ah u shaqeeyo)

Fiiro gaar ah oo ku saabsan resistor-ka LED: LED wuxuu u baahan yahay qiyaastii 2 V isaga oo ka gudbaya iyo qiyaastii 10 mA oo qulqulaya. Iyadoo la isticmaalayo sahay 5 V, resistor-ku waa inuu hoos u dhigaa 3 V ee hadhay, sidaas darteed sharciga Ohm wuxuu bixiyaa qiyaastii 300 Ω. Wax kasta oo ka mid ah 300 Ω ilaa 1000 Ω ayaa shaqeyn doona — qiyamka sare waxay kaliya ka dhigaan LED-ka iftiin yar. Isticmaalka resistor maaha ikhtiyaari; la'aanteed LED-ku wuxuu soo jiidan doonaa qulqul aad u badan oo wuu gubi doonaa.

Hagaha Fiilada

Fiiladu si ula kac ah ayay u yar tahay. Anode-ka LED (lugta dheer) wuxuu ku xiran yahay resistor-ka ilaa pin dhijitaal ah 3, cathode-kiisana (lugta gaaban, oo dhinaca fidsan ku yaal baakadda) wuxuu aadaa dhulka. Badhanka riix wuxuu ku xiran yahay inta u dhaxaysa pin dhijitaal ah 2 iyo dhulka — ma jiro resistor pull-up dibadeed oo loo baahan yahay sababtoo ah koodhku wuxuu kiciyaa pull-up gudaha Arduino.

Fiiro gaar ah u yeelo polarity-ga LED: dhinaca fidsan ee jirka balaastikga iyo lugta gaaban waxay calaamadeeyaan cathode (taban). Haddii aad gasho gadaal, LED-ku si fudud uma iftiimayo — wax dhaawac ah ma dhaco, kaliya u rog.

Badhanka riix, haddii aad isticmaalayso badhan taabasho 4-pin ah, xusuusnow in pins-ku gudaha ay laba-laba isugu xiran yihiin: laba ka mid ah afarta pin ayaa had iyo jeer wada xiran. Isticmaal multimeter qaabka continuity si aad u hesho laba pin oo beep sameeya marka la riixo, ka dib isticmaal hal pin oo ka mid ah dhinac kasta. Hal dhinac wuxuu aadaa pin 2, kan kalena dhulka.

Sharaxaadda Koodhka

Sketch-ku waa gaaban yahay, wax walba oo aad rabto inaad beddesho waxay ku nool yihiin dhowr sadar oo xagga sare ah. Waa kuwan qaybaha isticmaalaha u habeyn karo:

const int pushButtonPin = 2;//pin-ka furaha badhanka waxaa lagu xiraa
const int LEDPin = 3;//pin-ka LED waxaa lagu xiraa
const int fadeAmount = 10;    // imisa dhibcood ayaa LED-ka loo yareeyaa
const int fadeSpeed = 5;//waqtiga fade-ka millisekanno. qiimaha yar, ayaa fade-ku degdeg noqdaa

pushButtonPin iyo LEDPin waxay si fudud u sheegaan Arduino pin-yada aad waxyaabaha ku xirtay. Haddii aad badhanka u rarto pin 4 ama LED-ka pin 9 (pin taageera PWM), kaliya beddel labadan lambar si ay u dhigmaan xirkaaga. Ogsoonow in pin-ka LED waa inuu taageeraa PWM — Uno-ga taas waxay la macno tahay pin-yada 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, ama 11 — sababtoo ah fade-ku wuxuu u baahan yahay analogWrite().

fadeAmount wuxuu xakameeyaa inta ay le'eg tahay tallaabo kasta oo iftiin. Iftiinku wuxuu ka socdaa 0 ilaa 255, marka fadeAmount 10 wuxuu la macno tahay LED-ku wuxuu hoos u dhacaa qiyaastii 25 tallaabo. Lambar weyn wuxuu ka dhigaa fade-ka qallafsan oo degdeg ah; lambar yar wuxuu ka dhigaa mid siman oo gaabis ah.

fadeSpeed waa dib-u-dhaca millisekannada ee u dhexeeya tallaabo kasta. Tani waa qalabka ugu muhiimsan ee go'aamiya sida saameyntu u dareento. Qiimaha 5 ms wuxuu bixiyaa fade degdeg ah oo firfircoon; qiimaha 30 ms ama ka badan wuxuu bixiyaa hoos-u-dhac gaabis ah oo raaxo leh. Marka la isku daro fadeAmount, labadan qiime waxay kuu ogolaanayaan inaad fade-ka u habeyso si sax ah dabeecadda aad rabto.

Waxaa sidoo kale jira doorsoome gudaha ah oo mudan in la ogaado:

int brightness = 255;    // sida uu LED-ku u iftiimayo
int pushButtonStatus = 0; // qiimaha riixista ee pin 2

brightness wuxuu ka bilaabmaa 255, taasoo la macno tahay LED-ku wuxuu ka bilaabmaa iftiin buuxa mar kasta oo aad riixdo badhanka. Haddii aad rabto in fade-ku ka bilaabmo meel iftiin yar — tusaale, nus iftiin — u beddel tan 128.

Mantiqu lafteedu waxay u shaqaysaa sidan: loop-ku wuxuu akhriyaa badhanka. Haddii la riixdo (LOW, sababtoo ah pull-up gudaha), while loop ayaa socda ilaa brightness ka sarreeyo eber. Gudaha loop-kaas Arduino wuxuu LED-ka u qoraa brightness-ka hadda, wuxuu ka jaraa fadeAmount, wuxuu sugayaa fadeSpeed millisekanno, wuxuuna ku celiyaa. Marka badhanka aan la riixin, LED-ka si fudud ayaa loo qoraa 0 oo wuu damiyaa.

Hal faahfaahin muhiim ah: pull-up gudaha waxay la macno tahay in pin-ku akhriyo HIGH marka badhanka aan la riixin iyo LOW marka la riixdo. Taas ayaa sababta koodhku u eegayo LOW si uu u ogaado riixis. Haddii aad weligaa u beddesho pull-down resistor dibadda ah, waxaad u baahan doontaa inaad beddesho isbarbardhiggaas HIGH.

Mashruuc Toos ah iyo Bandhig

Marka la soo geliyo, dhaqanku waa isla markiiba oo wuu qanciyaa. Riix badhanka oo LED-ku wuxuu ku boodaa iftiin buuxa, ka dib si muuqata ayuu u hoos u dhacaa ilaa waxba ka harin muddo aad maamusho. Sii daaya badhanka oo LED-ku wuu madoobaanayaa; mar kale riix oo fade-ku wuxuu ka dib u bilaabmaa iftiin buuxa.

Fiidiyowga fade-ka waxaa lagu muujiyay dhowr goobo si aad u maqasho oo u aragto farqiga. Marka fadeAmount = 20 fade-ku waa degdeg oo qallafsan — wuxuu gaaraa eber tallaabooyin muuqda oo kooban. Hoos u dhigista fadeAmount = 10 ayaa si weyn u simaysa, iyo u gudbista fadeAmount = 3 waxay ka dhigtaa fade-ku inuu si muuqata u qaato waqti dheer oo u eg mid joogto ah. Qiimaha fadeSpeed wuxuu leeyahay saameyn isla sidaas u weyn: dejinta 1 ms waxay ka dhigtaa fade-ka mid isla markiiba dhaca, halka qiimayaasha waaweyn ay dheereeyaan.

Isku day tijaabaddan: deji fadeAmount = 5 iyo fadeSpeed = 30. Waxaad heli doontaa hoos-u-dhac gaabis ah oo jilicsan oo u eg iftiin seexanaya. Kadib deji fadeAmount = 50 iyo fadeSpeed = 1 si aad u hesho goyn adag oo degdeg ah. Midkoodna "khalad" maaha — waxay gebi ahaan ku saabsan tahay niyadda aad rabto.

Dhaqanka beddelka ee isla badhanka waxaa si gaar ah looga hadlay Casharka 98-3: Sida Loo Shido/Damiyo LED Beddel ah iyadoo la isticmaalayo Badhan Riix leh Arduino, iyo nooca fudud ee riix-si-iftiin waxaa ku jira Casharka 98-2: Sida Loo Shido oo Loo Damo LED iyadoo la isticmaalayo Badhan Riix leh Arduino.

Sababtoo ah fade-ka waxaa kiciya xiriir daqiiqad ah, isla wareeggan ayaa si dabiici ah ugu habboon in lagu wado relay ama MOSFET halkii LED — waxaad fade-gelin kartaa laambad 12 V, bilow jilicsan oo matoor, ama kulaylinta qalab kulayl. Badhanku waa kaliya kiciyaha; waxa aad fade-geliso adigaa go'aansanaya.

Mashruucyo la xiriira oo ka mid ah fiidiyowgan

• Casharka 98-1: Sida Loo Shido oo Loo Damo LED iyadoo la isticmaalayo Arduino
• Casharka 98-2: Sida Loo Shido oo Loo Damo LED iyadoo la isticmaalayo Badhan Riix leh Arduino
• Casharka 98-3: Sida Loo Shido/Damiyo LED Beddel ah iyadoo la isticmaalayo Badhan Riix leh Arduino
• Casharka 98-4: Fade-gelinta Iftiinka LED iyadoo la isticmaalayo Arduino: Xakamaynta Iftiinka
• Casharka 98-6: Ciyaarta LED Seesaw ee Arduino
• Casharka 98-7: Iftiin Socda iyadoo la isticmaalayo Arduino iyo 5 LED
• Casharka 98-8: Iftiin Socda oo leh Badhan Riix iyo LED-yo leh Arduino
• Casharka 98-9: Cabbirka Heerka Danabka LED iyadoo la isticmaalayo Arduino ama iftiin socda oo leh potentiometer
• Casharka 98-10: Iftiinka Tareenka Arduino

Cutubyo

• [00:00] Dulmar guud oo ku saabsan 10-ka mashruuc ee LED
• [01:00] Hordhac koorsada Arduino ee tallaabo-tallaabo
• [02:29] Aasaaska LED: calaamadaha, qutbka, iyo qulqulka
• [03:49] Xisaabinta iska caabiyaha LED ee sharciga Ohm
• [05:53] Mashruuca 1: Daar iyo dami LED
• [12:43] Mashruuca 2: LED leh badhan riix
• [17:13] Mashruuca 3: Beddel LED badhan riix
• [20:12] Mashruuca 4: Libdhis LED
• [23:20] Mashruuca 5: Libdhis LED badhan riix
• [27:32] Mashruuca 6: LED seesaw
• [30:47] Mashruuca 7: Iftiin socda
• [36:41] Mashruuca 8: Iftiin socda oo leh badhan riix
• [42:25] Mashruuca 9: Cabbiraha heerka danabka LED
• [49:25] Mashruuca 10: Nalalka taraafikada Arduino

Sawirro

Arduino wiring for LED with a push button switch

Arduino schematic for LED with a push button switch

LED-5mm-green

330_ohm_resistor

LED with resistor on breadboard connected to Arduino with a push button

Arduino wiring for LED with a push button switch

Arduino schematic for LED with a push button switch

LED-5mm-green

330_ohm_resistor

LED with resistor on breadboard connected to Arduino with a push button

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