Likambo ya 98-8: Kotambola na Pole ya Mwinda na Buto ya Kosukuma mpe Ba LED na Arduino

Projeke eno e bontsha kamoo o ka ahang "lesedi le tsamayang" le tsoelang pele ka mohato o le mong nako le nako ha o tobetsa konopo ya ho sututsa. Ho e-na le lesedi le tsamaiswang ke nako ya lona, o fumana taolo e tobileng, e tshwarehang: ho tobetsa ka nngwe ho tsamaisa LED e bonesitsweng boemo bo le bong ho ya pele, mme kamora LED ya ho qetela e kgutlela ho ya pele. Ena ke e nngwe ya dikarolo tsa bohlokwa ka ho fetisisa thutong ya Arduino, hobane e o ruta ho kopanya kenyo ya dijithale (konopo) le mochini wa boemo o potolohang (ke LED efe e bonesitsweng hajwale) — mokgwa oo o tla o sebedisa kgafetsa.

Hang ha o se o utlwisisa mokgwa ona, mohopolo o tshwanang o matlafatsa diprojeke tse ngata tsa nnete. Mona ke mehopolo e mmalwa e sebetsang eo o ka e ahang ka yona:

• Kgetho ya menu sesebedisweng moo ho tobetsa ka nngwe ho totobatsang kgetho e latelang.
• Pontsho ya mehato e latelanang ya mochini kapa tshebetso (mohato 1, mohato 2, mohato 3...).
• Pontsho ya dintlha kapa boemo eo o e tsamaisang ka letsoho ka konopo.
• Pontsho ya "seteishene se latelang" kapa "mokgwa o latelang" wa taolo ya mabone.
• Papadi e bonolo kapa sebuela-hlooho sa dipotso moo dibapadi di chenchanang ho bonesa lebone le latelang.
• Sehlophisi sa relay kapa mojaro moo ho tobetsa ka nngwe ho bulelang tlhahiso e latelang ka tatellano.

Molemo wa bohlokwa ho feta lesedi le tsamayang ka boiketsetso ke taolo: ha ho letho le etsahalang ho fihlela o tobetsa, kahoo lesedi le tsamaya feela ha wena o etsa qeto. Video e boetse e hlokomela hore mohopolo o tshwanang wa ho fetola le ho latellana o ka tsamaisa relay ho fetola lesedi la AC kapa ho laola enjene, eseng feela di-LED (video ka 19:52).

Disebediswa le Dikarolo

Lenane la dikarolo le lekgutshwane ebile ha le turu:

• Boto ya Arduino (Uno, Nano, Mega, kapa boto efe kapa efe e tsamaisanang).
• Di-LED tse hlano — 5 mm kapa 3 mm, mebala efe kapa efe eo o e ratang.
• Dikgwetlisi tse hlano tse fokotsang motlakase, 200 Ω ho isa 1000 Ω (video e sebedisa 1 kΩ).
• Konopo e le nngwe ya ho sututsa (switch ya tactile ya nakoana e loketse).
• Boto ya bohobe le dikgwebo tsa DuPont jumper.

Tlhokomelo e kgutshwane ka di-LED: cathode ke leoto le lekgutshwane le lehlakore le nang le ntlha e bataletseng, ha anode e le leoto le lelelele (video ka 03:13). Boleng ba kgwetlisi ha bo bohlokwa — kgwetlisi e phahameng e etsa hore LED e fifale, kahoo eng kapa eng ho tloha ho 300 Ω ho ya ho 1000 Ω e tla sebetsa hantle (video ka 05:33).

Tataiso ya Ho Hokela

Ho hokela ho batla ho tshwana le lesedi le tsamayang la di-LED tse hlano tse tlwaelehileng, ho ekeletswa konopo e le nngwe ya ho sututsa. Anode ya LED ka nngwe e hokela pin ya yona ya Arduino, mme cathode ka nngwe e hokela ka kgwetlisi ya yona ho rail e arolelwang ya fatshe botong ya bohobe. Kahong ena di-LED di hoketswe ho dipin 3, 4, 5, 6, le 7 (video ka 31:37). Konopo ya ho sututsa e bewa botong ya bohobe ka leoto le leng ho fatshe mme leoto le leng ho pin 2 — pin e tshwanang eo khoutu e e sebedisang bakeng sa konopo (video ka 37:04).

Hobane khoutu e bulela kgwetlisi ya ka hare ya pull-up ya Arduino, ha ho kgwetlisi ya kantle e hlokahalang konopong. Ha konopo e sa tobetse pin e bala HIGH, mme ha o tobetsa pin e hulelwa fatshe mme e bala LOW (video ka 14:02).

Tlhaloso ya Khoutu

Lenaneo le felletseng le fumaneha ka tlase ho sengolwa sena. Mona re shebana le dikarolo tseo o tla batla ho di fetola.

Ka hodimo ho sketch, LED ka nngwe le konopo di abelwa pin. Mona ke moo o iketsetsang kaho ho tsamaisana le ho hokela ha hao:

const int pushButtonPin = 2; // push button pin
const int LED1 = 3;
const int LED2 = 4;
const int LED3 = 5;
const int LED4 = 6;
const int LED5 = 7;

int LED_ON = LED1; // which LED is currently lit

Variable ya LED_ON ke pelo ya projeke. E hopola hore na ke LED efe e bonesitsweng hajwale, ho qala ka LED1. Nako le nako ha o tobetsa konopo, khoutu e tsamaisa LED_ON ho LED e latelang ka tatellano mme e tima e fetileng, kahoo ke LED e le nngwe feela e bonesitsweng ka nako e le nngwe.

Hape ho na le tieho e nyane kamora ho tobetsa ka nngwe:

delay(200); // debounce / give the user time between presses

Tieho ena ya 200 millisecond e thibela ho tobetsa ha nnete ho le nngwe ho ingolisa e le ho tobetsa hangata. Haeba monwana wa hao o thothomela kapa konopo e utlwahala e le bonolo haholo, eketsa nomoro ena; haeba o batla karabo e potlakileng, e fokotse. Hlokomela hore ho e beha tlase haholo ho ka etsa hore lesedi le tlole pele ho nako e sa lebelloang (video ka 41:20).

Logik ya liboso ezali na loop(). Ebala bouton, mpe kaka tango bouton ebɛndami (kotanga LOW) nde ememisaka pole. Molɔngɔ́ esalelaka molɔngɔ ya if / else if mpo na kokende uta LED1 na LED2 na LED3, mpe bongo na bongo, mpe kozonga na LED1 nsima ya ya suka. Soki olingi kobongola nzela to molɔngɔ ya ba LED, oyo nde bloc ya kobongisa — kaka bongola pin nini elandi nini.

Projet ya bomoi mpe Demonstration

Nsima ya kokɔtisa code, kobɛnda bouton epelisa LED ya liboso; kotika yango ekotika LED wana epelisa. Kobɛnda ya landi ekokende na LED ya mibale, sima ya misato, ya minei, mpe ya mitano, mpe kobɛnda ya landi ekokende na ya liboso — kobaluka ya libela (na video na 40:22).

Eloko malamu oyo ewuti na 200 milliseconde ya kozela ezali ete soki okangi bouton, pole ekokoba kokende yango moko na moko 200 milliseconde, yango esalaka ete projet ekoma pole ya kotambola automatique tango bouton ekangami (na video na 42:07). Tika bouton mpe ekotelema na LED oyo ezali. Yango epesaka yo mibale: kotambwisa na maboko mpe kokima na maboko kowuta na bouton moko.

Soki olingi pole etambola automatique ata bouton ezali te, yango ezali build mosusu. Version automatique ezali na Lesson 98-7: Walking Light Using Arduino and 5 LEDs.

Ba projets oyo ezali na boyokani na video oyo

• Lesson 98-1: How to Turn On and Off an LED with Arduino
• Lesson 98-2: How to Turn On and Off an LED Using a Push Button with Arduino
• Lesson 98-3: How to Turn On/Off a Toggle LED Using a Push Button with Arduino
• Lesson 98-4: Fading an LED Light Using Arduino: Brightness Control
• Lesson 98-5: Fade Light When a Button Is Pressed Using Arduino
• Lesson 98-6: Seesaw LED Game with Arduino
• Lesson 98-7: Walking Light Using Arduino and 5 LEDs
• Lesson 98-9: LED Voltage Level Meter Using Arduino or walking light with potentiometer
• Lesson 98-10: Arduino Traffic Light

Ba chapitres

• [00:00] Overview ya ba projets 10 ya Arduino LED
• [01:22] Introduction na cours ya Arduino na etape
• [02:29] Kososola ba LED: bilembo, polarité mpe ba pins
• [03:49] Kokalkule résistance ya kokutisa courant ya LED
• [30:47] Pole ya kotambola na ba LED 5: connexion mpe principe
• [32:52] Code ya pole ya kotambola: ba pins, tango mpe loop
• [36:41] Kokende na pole na bouton ya kobɛnda
• [37:44] Pole ya kotambola na bouton ya kobɛnda: kotala code
• [40:22] Demonstration mpe kobongisa tango ya kobɛnda
• [57:16] Maloba ya kokanga mpe suka ya cours