使用L293D电机驱动器和Arduino PWM控制直流电动机
该项目展示了如何使用L293D电机驱动芯片和Arduino的脉宽调制(PWM)功能来控制直流电机的速度和方向。该设置允许精确的电机控制，使其适用于各种应用。
以下是一些使用此设置的项目想法：
- 机器人技术：控制小机器人轮子的运动。
- 自动化设备：创建自动窗帘、百叶窗或小型传送带。
- 风扇控制：根据温度读数调整冷却风扇的速度。
- 太阳能追踪器：将小型太阳能电池板定位以全天跟随太阳。
硬件/组件
- Arduino Uno（或兼容板）
- L293D 电机驱动IC
- 直流电动机（针对L293D的电压和电流限制，额定电流最高至600毫安）
- 9V 电源（用于电机）
- 连接电线
- 面包板（推荐）
接线指南
L293D芯片充当Arduino与直流电机之间的接口。它允许Arduino控制电机的速度和方向。该芯片需要为电机提供单独的电源，因为Arduino无法为大多数电机提供足够的电流。(视频时间：04:04)
%%接线%%
代码解释
Arduino代码控制L293D驱动器，进而控制直流电机。该代码使用PWM调节电机速度，并通过数字信号切换方向。
以下是代码中可配置的关键参数：
#define P1A 10 // Arduino pin connected to L293D input 1A
#define P2A 11 // Arduino pin connected to L293D input 2A
#define EN12 9 // Arduino pin connected to L293D enable pin (1,2EN)
const int speedStep = 15; // Increment for speed changes
const int speedDelay = 1000; // Delay between speed steps (in milliseconds)
TheL293D()函数控制电机的方向和速度。'L' 设置电机顺时针旋转，'R' 设置电机逆时针旋转。spd参数控制速度（0-255）和en启用（1）或禁用（0）电机。（视频时间：09:24）
void L293D(char dir,int spd, int en)
{
if(dir =='L') // Clockwise rotation
{
// ...
analogWrite(P1A,spd); // Set speed using PWM
digitalWrite(P2A,LOW);
}else{ // Counter-clockwise rotation
// ...
digitalWrite(P1A,LOW);
analogWrite(P2A,spd); // Set speed using PWM
}
}
现场项目/演示
该视频展示了项目的运行情况，显示了电机的速度和方向变化。示波器读数可视化了控制电机的PWM信号。（视频中在11:07）
章节
- [00:00] L293D直流电机控制简介
- [00:30] 项目演示和说明
- [01:12] L293D 电机驱动器概览
- [02:08] 直流电机规格
- [02:30] L293D 数据表说明
- [04:40] 接线说明和演示
- [07:05] Arduino 代码解释
- [11:07] 项目演示和示波器读数
144-Arduino source for L293D motor driver (loop)
语言: C++
/*
* This is the Arduino code to control the speed of a motor using an L293D DC motor driver.
Watch instructions for this video: https://youtu.be/akQoGNUzhHI
// Written for Robojax.com video
* Code is available at http://robojax.com/learn/arduino
*
// Written by Ahmad S. for Robojax.com on
// August 11, 2018 at 13:23 in Ajax, Ontario, Canada
// This code is AS IS without warranty. You may share it if you keep this note with the code.
*/
// DC motor control
#define P1A 10 // define pin 10 as P1A
#define P2A 11 // define pin 11 as P2A
#define EN12 9 // define pin 9 as the 1,2EN enable
const int speedStep =15;
const int speedDelay = 1000;// delay between speed increment
void setup() {
// L293 Motor Control Code by Robojax.com 20180811
Serial.begin(9600);// setup Serial Monitor to display information
pinMode(P1A, OUTPUT);// define pin as OUTPUT for P1A
pinMode(P2A, OUTPUT);// define pin as OUTPUT for P2A
pinMode(EN12, OUTPUT);// define pin as OUTPUT for 1,2EN
Serial.println("Robojax");
Serial.println("L293D Motor Speed Control");
// L293 Motor Control Code by Robojax.com 20180811
}
void loop() {
// L293D Motor Control Code by Robojax.com 20180811
for(int speed=0; speed<=255; speed +=speedStep)
{
L293D('L',speed, 0);//
delay(speedDelay);// delay between each step
}
delay(50);// 50 millisecond delay
// L293D Motor Control Code by Robojax.com 20180810
}//loop end
/*
* L293D(char dir,int spd, int en)
* dir is a character: 'L' for clockwise direction
* or 'R' for counter-clockwise direction
* en is an integer: 1 to rotate, 0 to stop
* spd is the speed value from 0 to 255
*/
void L293D(char dir,int spd, int en)
{
if(dir =='L')
{
if(en ==0){
Serial.println("CW Motor Stopped");
}else{
Serial.print("Rotating CW: ");
Serial.println(spd);//print actual speed value
}
digitalWrite(EN12 ,en);// Enable 1A and 2A
analogWrite(P1A,spd);// send PWM with spd value to P1A
digitalWrite(P2A,LOW);// LOW signal to P2A
}else{
if(en ==0){
Serial.println("CCW Motor Stopped");
}else{
Serial.print("Rotating CCW: ");
Serial.println(spd);//print actual speed value
}
digitalWrite(EN12 ,en);// Disable 1A and 2A
digitalWrite(P1A,LOW);// Keep this pin LOW
analogWrite(P2A,spd);// send PWM with spd value to P2A
}
}//L293D end145-Source for a simple L293D motor controller using Arduino (CW, CCW, and STOP)
语言: C++
++
/*
* This is the Arduino code to control the speed of a motor using an L293D DC motor driver.
* This code will control the motor with different directions and speed.
Watch instructions for this video: https://youtu.be/akQoGNUzhHI
// Written for Robojax.com video
* Code is available at http://robojax.com/learn/arduino
*
// Written by Ahmad Shamshiri for Robojax.com on
// August 11, 2018 at 13:23 in Ajax, Ontario, Canada.
// This code is AS IS without warranty. You may share it if you keep this note with the code.
*/
// DC motor control
#define P1A 10 // define pin 10 as P1A
#define P2A 11 // define pin 11 as P2A
#define EN12 9 // define pin 9 as the 1,2EN enable
const int speedStep =15;
const int speedDelay = 1000;// delay between speed increment
void setup() {
// L293 Motor Control Code by Robojax.com 20180811
Serial.begin(9600);// setup Serial Monitor to display information
pinMode(P1A, OUTPUT);// define pin as OUTPUT for P1A
pinMode(P2A, OUTPUT);// define pin as OUTPUT for P2A
pinMode(EN12, OUTPUT);// define pin as OUTPUT for 1,2EN
Serial.println("Robojax");
Serial.println("L293D Motor Speed Control");
// L293 Motor Control Code by Robojax.com 20180811
}
void loop() {
// L293D Motor Control Code by Robojax.com 20180811
L293D('L',255, 1);// maximum speed to the LEFT
delay(3000);// wait for 3 seconds
L293D('L',255, 0);// stop motor
delay(2000);// wait for 2 seconds
L293D('L',127, 1);// half speed to the LEFT
delay(3000);// wait for 3 seconds
L293D('L',255, 0);// stop motor
delay(2000);// wait for 2 seconds
L293D('R',90, 1);// slow to the RIGHT
delay(3000);// wait for 3 seconds
L293D('L',255, 0);// stop motor
delay(2000);// wait for 2 seconds
// L293D Motor Control Code by Robojax.com 20180810
}//loop end
/*
* L293D(char dir,int spd, int en)
* dir is a character: 'L' for clockwise (CW) direction
* or 'R' for counter-clockwise (CCW) direction.
* en is an integer: 1 to rotate, 0 to stop.
* spd is the speed value from 0 to 255.
*/
void L293D(char dir,int spd, int en)
{
if(dir =='L')
{
if(en ==0){
Serial.println("CW Motor Stopped");
}else{
Serial.print("Rotating CW: ");
Serial.println(spd);//print actual speed value
}
digitalWrite(EN12 ,en);// Enable 1A and 2A
analogWrite(P1A,spd);// send PWM with spd value to P1A
digitalWrite(P2A,LOW);// LOW signal to P2A
}else{
if(en ==0){
Serial.println("CCW Motor Stopped");
}else{
Serial.print("Rotating CCW: ");
Serial.println(spd);//print actual speed value
}
digitalWrite(EN12 ,en);//enable 1A and 2A
digitalWrite(P1A,LOW);// Keep it LOW P1A
analogWrite(P2A,spd);// send PWM with spd value to P2A
}
}//L293D end文件📁
没有可用的文件。
