Maqaalka Codsiga: Isku-dhafka Qiyaasta Shayga Milicsiga QRD1114

Maqaalka Codsiga: Isku-dhafka Qiyaasta Shayga Milicsiga QRD1114

1. Dulmarka Sensor-ka

QRD1114 waa sensor yar oo muujiya oo dhex-marin leh, isagoo isku daraya diode iftiin infrared (IR) iyo phototransistor NPN oo ku jira baakad keliya. Marka shay muujiya la hor dhigo sensor-ka, iftiinka IR ee la soo saaro ayaa dib uga tarjuma phototransistor-ka, kaas oo markaas qaada koronto. Korontadan soo-saarku waxay u dhigantaa heerka muujinta shayga iyo masaafada (D) ee u jirta wejiga sensor-ka. Qalabku waa Pb-free, RoHS u hoggaansan, wuxuuna leeyahay shaandheyn iftiin maalmeed oo yaraynaysa faragelinta iftiinka agagaarka ah.

2. Tusaale Codsiga: Ogaanshaha Shayga ee Suunka Gaadiidka

Marka la eego xaalad otomaatig ah oo warshadeed, QRD1114 waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu ogaado baakado dhex maraya suunka gaadiidka. Sensor-ka waxaa lagu rakibaa meel u dhow dusha suunka. Sida ku xusan xaashida xogta, masaafada ugu fiican ee dareenka (D) waa 0.050 inji (1.27 mm) laga bilaabo wejiga sensor-ka ilaa dusha muujiya. Marka baakad dhaafdo masaafadan, iftiinka IR ee la tarjumay ayaa kordha, isagoo kor u qaadaya korontada collector-ka phototransistor-ka oo ka sarreysa heerka go'an, taasoo muujinaysa jiritaanka shay. Calaamaddan waxaa markaas loo isticmaali karaa in lagu kiciyo tiriyaha, hawlgeliyo kala-duwaha, ama la qoro waqtiga.

3. Naqshadda Wareegga iyo Isku-xirka

Phototransistor-ku wuxuu u shaqeeyaa sidii qaade koronto. Wareeg isku-xir oo fudud wuxuu isticmaalaa resistor kor-u-jiid (R_L) si uu korontada collector-ka (I_C) ugu beddelo danab (V_OUT) oo uu akhriyi karo microcontroller-ka analog-to-digital converter (ADC) ama gelin dijitaal oo leh comparator.

3.1. Naqshadda Schematic-ka

3.2. Xulashada Qaybaha

• V_CC: 5V (ama 3.3V haddii ay waafaqsan tahay I/O-ga microcontroller-ka).
• R₁ (Xaddidista korontada IR LED): Si loo dejiyo I_F = 20 mA (xaalad tijaabo oo caadi ah), R₁ = (V_CC - V_F) / I_F. Iyadoo V_F ≈ 1.5V at 20 mA, R₁ ≈ (5V - 1.5V) / 0.02A = 175 Ω. Qiime caadi ah oo 180 Ω ayaa ku habboon.
• R_L (Resistor-ka kor-u-jiidka): Qiimuhu wuxuu go'aamiyaa isbeddelka danabka soo-saarka. Iyadoo I_C(ON) min = 1 mA at V_CE = 5V (lagu tijaabiyay D = 0.050 inji), resistor 4.7 kΩ ah ayaa bixiya is-dheellitir wanaagsan. Marka shay jiro: V_OUT ≈ 5V - (1 mA * 4.7 kΩ) ≈ 0.3V (hoose). Marka shay uusan jirin: V_OUT ≈ 5V (sare, sababtoo ah korontada mugdiga ayaa ah mid aan la tixgalin). Resistor 4.7 kΩ ayaa lagu talinayaa.
• C1: Capacitor 0.1 µF oo ikhtiyaari ah oo loogu talagalay kala-goynta korontada iyo shaandhaynta buuqa.

3.3. Tusaale Firmware (Arduino-style pseudocode)

const int sensorPin = A0; // Analog input pin
const int threshold = 200; // ADC threshold (0-1023), adjust based on testing

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);
  pinMode(sensorPin, INPUT);
}

void loop() {
  int sensorValue = analogRead(sensorPin);
  // In the circuit above, Vout is LOW when object is present
  if (sensorValue < threshold) {
    Serial.println("Object detected!");
    // Trigger an action, e.g., increment counter, activate a relay
  } else {
    Serial.println("No object");
  }
  delay(100);
}

4. Tixgelinnada Waxqabadka iyo Wanaajinta

Iyadoo ku salaysan xaashida xogta, dhowr arrimood ayaa saameeya soo-saarka sensor-ka. Tan ugu muhiimsan waa masaafada dareenka (D):

• Fogaanshaha Kala Fognaanta Ugu Fiican: Xaashida xogta waxay qeexaysaa waxqabadka D = 0.050 inji (1.27 mm). Sida ku cad Jaantuska 2, hadda soo saarista ayaa si degdeg ah hoos ugu dhacda marka fogaanu ka sii kordho bartaas. Si loo helo ogaansho lagu kalsoonaan karo, dareemaha waa in loo dhigaa meel ugu dhow fogaan tan ugu fiican intii suurtagal ah.
• Milicsiga Shayga: Qeexida I_C(ON) (1 mA ugu yar) waxaa lagu cabbiraa iyadoo la isticmaalayo kaar tijaabo ah oo cad oo 90% milicsi leh. Dusha madow ama aan dhalaalin waxay soo saaraan calaamad daciif ah. Heerarka cidhifka ah ayaa laga yaabaa inay u baahdaan in la hagaajiyo iyadoo loo eegayo walxaha la beegsanayo.
• Heerkulka: Jaantuska 3 ee xaashida xogta wuxuu muujinayaa in hadda kollector-ka uu si caqli gal ah u deggan yahay heerkulka, laakiin hadda mugdiga ah (Jaantuska 4) wuxuu kordhaa heerkulka. Tani waxay saameyn kartaa dejinta heerka cidhifka heerkulka sare.
• Iftiinka Hawada Ku Jira: Shaandhada iftiinka maalinta ee ku dhex jirta ayaa yaraysa, laakiin ma baabi'iso, saameynta iftiinka IR ee hawada ku jira. Deegaannada iftiinka sare leh, farsamooyinka modulation-ka (tusaale, garaaca LED-ka iyo isticmaalka ogaanshaha isku xiran) waxay wanaajin karaan difaaca qaylada.
• Isdhexgalka: Qeexida I_CX (isdhexgalka) (0.2 µA caadi ahaan) waa hadda kollector-ka marka aan jirin dusha milicsi leh. Tan waa in lagu tixgeliyaa naqshadaynta heerka cidhifka.

5. Gunaanad

QRD1114 waa xal wax ku ool ah oo kharash ku habboon oo loogu talagalay ogaanshaha shayga aan taabashada lahayn ee codsiyo kala duwan, iyadoo leh kala fognaan ogaansho oo ugu fiican oo ah 1.27 mm (0.050 inji). Adigoo fahmaya astaamihiisa korantada iyo raacista tilmaamaha naqshadaynta ee maqaalkan, injineerada ayaa si dhakhso leh ugu dhex gelin kara dareemahan nidaamyada adag ee lagu kalsoonaan karo. Had iyo jeer tixraac xaashida xogta ugu cusub si aad u hesho qeexitaanno dhammaystiran iyo xaddidaadyo naqshadaynta.

Tixraacyada: Xaashida xogta Dareemaha Shayga Milicsiga ah ee onsemi QRD1114/D, Diseembar 2024 – Dib-u-eegis 5.

Sawirro

qrd1114-pins

qrd1114-1

qrd1114-pins

qrd1114-1