Labarin Aikace-aikace: Haɗa Na'urar Fahimtar Abu Mai Nuna QRD1114

Labarin Aikace-aikace: Haɗa Na'urar Fahimtar Abu Mai Nuna QRD1114

Labarin Aikace-aikace: Haɗa QRD1114 Reflective Object Sensor

Wannan labarin yana ba da jagora mai amfani don amfani da onsemi QRD1114 reflective object sensor a cikin tsarin da aka haɗa. Ya ƙunshi ƙa'idar aikin sensor, cikakken ƙirar kewayawa, misalin firmware, da mahimman la'akari na aiki bisa ga takaddun bayanan hukuma.

1. Bayanin Sensor

QRD1114 ƙaramin sensor ne mai nuna haske, wanda ya haɗa da infrared (IR) emitting diode da NPN phototransistor a cikin fakiti ɗaya. Lokacin da aka sanya abu mai nuna haske a gaban sensor, hasken IR da aka fitar yana komawa zuwa phototransistor, wanda sai ya gudanar da wutar lantarki. Wannan fitarwar wutar lantarki tana daidai da nuna haske na abu da nisa (D) daga fuskar sensor. Na'urar ba ta da Pb-free, tana bin RoHS, kuma tana da tace hasken rana don rage tsangwama na hasken muhalli.

2. Misalin Aikace-aikace: Gano Abu don Conveyor Belt

A cikin yanayin sarrafa masana'antu, ana iya amfani da QRD1114 don gano fakitin da ke wucewa akan conveyor belt. Ana sanya sensor kusa da saman bel. Bisa ga takaddun bayanan, mafi kyawun nisan gano (D) shine 0.050 inches (1.27 mm) daga fuskar sensor zuwa saman mai nuna haske. Lokacin da fakiti ya wuce a wannan nisa, hasken IR da aka nuna yana ƙaruwa, yana tura wutar lantarki na collector na phototransistor sama da ƙayyadaddun matakin, yana nuna kasancewar abu. Ana iya amfani da wannan siginar don ƙaddamar da ƙidaya, kunna mai karkatarwa, ko rubuta lokaci.

3. Ƙirar Kewayawa da Haɗin Kai

Phototransistor yana aiki azaman mai nutsewa na wutar lantarki. Kewayawar haɗin kai mai sauƙi tana amfani da resistor mai ɗagawa (R_L) don canza wutar lantarki na collector (I_C) zuwa wutar lantarki (V_OUT) wanda microcontroller's analog-to-digital converter (ADC) ko shigarwar dijital tare da comparator zai iya karantawa.

3.1. Ƙirar Schematic

3.2. Zaɓin Abubuwan Haɗi

• V_CC: 5V (ko 3.3V idan ya dace da I/O na microcontroller).
• R₁ (Iyakance wutar lantarki na IR LED): Don saita I_F = 20 mA (yanayin gwaji na yau da kullun), R₁ = (V_CC - V_F) / I_F. Tare da V_F ≈ 1.5V a 20 mA (duba Figure 1 a cikin takaddun bayanan), R₁ ≈ (5V - 1.5V) / 0.02A = 175 Ω. Ƙimar daidaitaccen 180 Ω ta dace.
• R_L (Resistor mai ɗagawa): Ƙimar tana ƙayyade girman wutar lantarki na fitarwa. Tare da I_C(ON) min = 1 mA a V_CE = 5V (an gwada a D = 0.050 inches), resistor na 4.7 kΩ yana ba da kyakkyawan ma'auni. Tare da abu: V_OUT ≈ 5V - (1 mA * 4.7 kΩ) ≈ 0.3V (ƙasa). Ba tare da abu ba: V_OUT ≈ 5V (sama, saboda wutar lantarki mai duhu ba ta da muhimmanci). Ana ba da shawarar resistor na 4.7 kΩ.
• C1: Capacitor na 0.1 µF na zaɓi don rage tsangwama na wutar lantarki da tace hayaniya.

3.3. Misalin Firmware (Arduino-style pseudocode)

const int sensorPin = A0; // Analog input pin
const int threshold = 200; // ADC threshold (0-1023), adjust based on testing

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);
  pinMode(sensorPin, INPUT);
}

void loop() {
  int sensorValue = analogRead(sensorPin);
  // In the circuit above, Vout is LOW when object is present
  if (sensorValue < threshold) {
    Serial.println("Object detected!");
    // Trigger an action, e.g., increment counter, activate a relay
  } else {
    Serial.println("No object");
  }
  delay(100);
}

4. La'akari na Aiki da Ingantawa

Bisa ga takaddun bayanan, abubuwa da yawa suna shafar fitarwar sensor. Mafi mahimmanci shine nisan gano (D):

• Nisa Mai Nisan Fitar da Hasken Ganewa: Takardar bayanan ta nuna aikin a D = 0.050 inci (1.27 mm). Kamar yadda aka nuna a Hoto na 2, ƙarfin fitarwa yana raguwa sosai yayin da nisa ya ƙaru fiye da wannan batu. Don ganewa mai dogaro, ya kamata a sanya na'urar kusa da wannan nisan mafi kyau gwargwadon iko.
• Hasken Nuna Abu: Ƙayyadaddun I_C(ON) (1 mA mafi ƙarancin) ana auna shi ta amfani da katin gwaji fari mai haske 90%. Abubuwa masu duhu ko marasa kyalkyali suna samar da sigina mai rauni. Ana iya buƙatar daidaita matakan don takamaiman kayan da ake nufi.
• Zazzabi: Hoto na 3 a cikin takardar bayanan yana nuna cewa ƙarfin tattarawa yana da kwanciyar hankali a kan zazzabi, amma ƙarfin duhu (Hoto na 4) yana ƙaruwa da zazzabi. Wannan na iya shafar saitunan matakan a yanayin zazzabi mai girma.
• Hasken Muhalli: Tacewar hasken rana da aka gina a ciki tana rage, amma ba ta kawar da tasirin hasken infrared na muhalli ba. A wurare masu yawan haske, dabarun canza sigina (misali, kunna LED da amfani da ganewa tare) na iya inganta juriya ga hayaniya.
• Tsangwama: Ƙayyadaddun I_CX (tsangwama) (0.2 µA na yau da kullun) shine ƙarfin tattarawa ba tare da wani abu mai haske ba. Wannan ya kamata a yi la'akari da shi a cikin ƙirar matakan.

5. Ƙarshe

QRD1114 wani mafita ne mai amfani da tsada mai kyau don ganewa ba tare da tuntuɓar abu ba a cikin aikace-aikace da yawa, tare da mafi kyawun nisan ganewa na 1.27 mm (0.050 inci). Ta hanyar fahimtar halayen lantarki da bin jagororin ƙira a cikin wannan labarin, injiniyoyi za su iya haɗa wannan na'urar cikin tsarin da ke da ƙarfi da dogaro cikin sauri. Koyaushe koma zuwa sabuwar takardar bayanan don cikakkun ƙayyadaddun bayanai da ƙuntatawa na ƙira.

Manazarta: Takardar bayanan na'urar ganewa mai haske ta onsemi QRD1114/D, Disamba 2024 – Rev. 5.

Hotuna

qrd1114-pins

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qrd1114-pins

qrd1114-1