Sarrafa Motocin DC tare da TB6612FNG da Arduino

Sarrafa Motocin DC tare da TB6612FNG da Arduino

A cikin wannan koyawa, za mu koyi yadda ake sarrafa saurin da alkiblar motocin DC ta amfani da modul ɗin direban motar TB6612FNG. Wannan saitin zai ba mu damar tuka motoci biyu da kansu, yana ba da hanya mai amfani don gina motoci masu ƙafafu ko ayyukan injiniya. Bugu da ƙari, za mu bincika yadda ake amfani da Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) don sarrafa saurin kowace mota daidai, yana haɓaka ƙarfin motsi na aikinku.

A cikin wannan jagorar gaba ɗaya, za mu yi amfani da allon Arduino tare da allon TB6612FNG breakout da motocin gear DC guda biyu. TB6612FNG babban haɓaka ne akan tsofaffin direbobi masu bipolar kamar L298N saboda yana amfani da MOSFETs masu inganci. Wannan yana da amfani musamman a aikace-aikacen da ake amfani da baturi inda ake buƙatar ɗorewa da ingancin wutar lantarki, tunda wannan direban yana ba da ƙarin wuta ga motocin ba tare da yin zafi fiye da kima ba ko buƙatar babban heatsink.

Don ƙarin bayani game da saitin da shirye-shiryen, tabbatar da duba bidiyon da ke da alaƙa a (a cikin bidiyo a 00:00).

Kayan Aiki Da Aka Bayyana

Abubuwan farko a cikin wannan aikin sun haɗa da direban motar TB6612FNG, microcontroller (Arduino), da motocin DC guda biyu. Direban TB6612FNG yana ɗaukar ƙananan sigina na logic daga Arduino kuma yana amfani da su don canza babban wutar lantarki daga baturi zuwa motocin. Yawanci yana da filaye na musamman don wutar logic, wutar mota, sarrafa alkibla (AIN1, AIN2, BIN1, BIN2), da sarrafa sauri (PWMA, PWMB).

Motocin DC suna karɓar wutar da aka daidaita daga filayen fitarwa na direban (A01/A02 da B01/B02) don juyawa. Fil ɗin standby (STBY) yana aiki azaman babban maɓalli, yana ba da hanya mai sauri don kashe motocin da sanya guntu a cikin yanayin barci mai ƙarancin wuta. Kowane ɓangaren yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tabbatar da tsarin tuƙi yana aiki cikin sauƙi da inganci.

Bayanan Datasheet

• Ensure proper voltage levels (match VCC to your Arduino's 5V or ESP32's 3.3V).

• Provide a separate battery power supply for the VM (Motor Power) pin.

• Be cautious to tie all grounds (battery, Arduino, and module) together to prevent erratic behavior.

• Test connections before powering up to prevent short circuits.

• Always pull the STBY pin HIGH, or the motors will not run.

Umarnin Wayoyi

Fara da haɗa wutar lantarki da ƙasa don duk abubuwan. Haɗa ƙasa daga Arduino ɗin ku zuwa layin mara kyau na breadboard ɗin ku. Sa'an nan, haɗa ingantaccen jagorar baturin ku na waje zuwa fil ɗin VM akan direban motar, da fil ɗin 5V na Arduino zuwa fil ɗin VCC akan direban.

Na gaba, haɗa abubuwan shigar logic: haɗa AIN1 zuwa fil ɗin dijital 2 akan Arduino, AIN2 zuwa fil ɗin dijital 4, da PWMA zuwa fil ɗin da ke iya PWM, kamar fil ɗin dijital 5. Don mota ta biyu, haɗa BIN1 zuwa 7, BIN2 zuwa 8, da PWMB zuwa fil 6. Tabbatar da haɗa fil ɗin STBY zuwa fil ɗin dijital 9.

Don fitarwa zuwa motocin, haɗa ƙarshen biyu na motar DC ɗin ku ta farko zuwa A01 da A02. Haɗa motar DC ɗin ku ta biyu zuwa B01 da B02. Bincika sau biyu cewa duk ƙasashe an raba su akan layin ƙasa na gama gari.

Misalan Code & Tafiya

Bari mu kalli wasu mahimman masu ganowa da guntun code da aka yi amfani da su a cikin aikin. Kashi na farko na code ɗin yana fara filayen don sarrafa alkibla, sauri, da standby:

const int AIN1 = 2;const int AIN2 = 4;const int PWMA = 5;const int STBY = 9;

Anan, AIN1 da AIN2 an sanya su don sarrafa alkiblar Mota A, yayin da PWMA za a yi amfani da shi don sarrafa sauri ta hanyar PWM. STBY yana ba Arduino damar tada guntu ɗin ko sanya shi barci.

Na gaba, aikin saitin yana daidaita waɗannan filayen azaman fitarwa kuma yana kunna guntu ɗin:

void setup() {  pinMode(AIN1, OUTPUT);  pinMode(AIN2, OUTPUT);  pinMode(PWMA, OUTPUT);  pinMode(STBY, OUTPUT);    // Enable the motor driver  digitalWrite(STBY, HIGH);}

Umurnin pinMode() yana saita fil ɗin zuwa yanayin fitarwa. Saita STBY zuwa HIGH yana tabbatar da cewa TB6612FNG yana aiki kuma yana shirye don karɓar umarni.

A cikin aikin loop, muna ba da umarni ga motar ta juya gaba da cikakken saurin, ta tsaya, sannan ta koma baya:

void loop() {  // Forward at full speed  digitalWrite(AIN1, HIGH);  digitalWrite(AIN2, LOW);  analogWrite(PWMA, 255);  delay(2000);  // Stop (Coast)  digitalWrite(AIN1, LOW);  digitalWrite(AIN2, LOW);  analogWrite(PWMA, 0);  delay(1000);}

A nan, saita AIN1 HIGH da AIN2 LOW yana gaya wa H-bridge na ciki ya tura wutar lantarki zuwa wata hanya ɗaya. analogWrite(PWMA, 255) yana amfani da matsakaicin saurin. Don tsayawa, muna ja duka fil ɗin jagora zuwa LOW.

Don ƙarin bayani da cikakken lambar da ke ɗauke da sarrafa motoci biyu da ayyuka na musamman, da fatan za a koma ga cikakken shirin da aka ɗora a ƙasan labarin.

Nunawa / Abin da za Ka Yi Tsammani

Da zarar an gama haɗin wayoyi kuma an ɗora lambar, ya kamata ka ga motar tana juya gaba na daƙiƙa biyu, ta dakata na daƙiƙa ɗaya, sannan ta maimaita zagayowar (idan ka ƙara dabaru na juyawa baya, za ta juya baya a gaba). Tabbatar cewa motar tana amsa daidai ga siginonin PWM; idan ta juya baya lokacin da kake tsammanin za ta tafi gaba, kawai musanya wayoyin da aka haɗa zuwa A01 da A02 (a cikin bidiyo a 12:30).

Kurakurai na yau da kullun sun haɗa da mantawa da ja fil ɗin STBY zuwa HIGH, ko ƙoƙarin kunna motocin kai tsaye daga fil ɗin 5V na Arduino maimakon baturi na musamman akan fil ɗin VM, wanda zai iya sa Arduino ya sake farawa ƙarƙashin nauyi mai nauyi. Tabbatar ka duba tushen wutar lantarki da ƙasa da aka raba.

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