Mai DC 10-55V 60A 100A Mai Gudun Mota Controller PWM Maɓallin Juyawa Mai Nuni da LED Relay

Mai DC 10-55V 60A 100A Mai Gudun Mota Controller PWM Maɓallin Juyawa Mai Nuni da LED Relay

A cikin wannan jagorar aikin, za mu shiga cikin cikakken bita da kuma rusa wani babban mai sarrafa saurin motar DC. Wannan na'urar, wadda ke iya ɗaukar volts 10 zuwa 55 kuma tana da'awar fitarwa na amperes 60 na ci gaba, an tsara ta ne don ba ku cikakken iko na sauri da kuma sarrafa alkibla don manyan motocin DC. Bayan bita na samfur kawai, wannan jagorar tana bincika abubuwan ciki, gwada mai sarrafa a ƙarƙashin nauyi mai tsanani, kuma tana ba da mahimman bayanai game da ainihin aikin sa da iyakokinsa.

Wannan nau'in mai sarrafa shi ne tubalin gini mai amfani ga yawancin ayyuka masu buri. Ga wasu aikace-aikace masu amfani inda wannan na'urar ke haskakawa:

• Canjin Motar Lantarki (EV): Sarrafa motar tuƙi akan go-kart na lantarki na DIY, babur, ko ƙaramin keken lantarki.
• Sarrafa Masana'antu: Tuƙi bel ɗin jigilar kaya, winches, ko wasu na'urori masu nauyi waɗanda ke buƙatar saurin canzawa da aiki na gaba/baya.
• Robotics: Ƙarfafa motocin tuƙi na manyan robots masu nauyi inda cikakken iko na sauri da alkibla ke da mahimmanci.
• Kayan Aikin Injiniya: Sake gyara injin rawar soja, lathe, ko injin niƙa tare da sarrafa saurin canzawa don kayan aiki daban-daban da ayyukan yanka.
• Famfo da Fanka: Sarrafa manyan famfo na ruwa ko fanka na iska na masana'antu inda daidaita yawan kwarara ya zama dole.

Wannan jagorar za ta bi ku ta cikin fasalulluka na na'urar, nazarin abubuwan ciki, da kuma cikakken gwajin aikin zafi don nuna muku abin da take iya ɗauka da gaske.

Bayanin Kayan Aiki

Mai sarrafa na'ura ce mai ƙarfi amma ƙarami, tana auna tsawon 120mm, faɗin 99.5mm, da zurfin 22mm. Ƙirar ta ta dogara ne akan manyan relays guda biyu don sarrafa alkibla, rukunin MOSFETs don daidaita saurin, da kuma da'irar sarrafawa don mu'amalar mai amfani. Gaban na'urar yana da maɓalli mai hanyoyi uku don gaba, tsayawa, da baya, potentiometer don daidaita saurin, da nunin LED wanda ke nuna yawan aikin PWM na yanzu.

A ciki, na'urar tana ƙunshe da wasu mahimman abubuwa da aka gano yayin rushewa (a cikin bidiyo a 04:03):

• 555 Timer IC: Wannan guntu yana samar da siginar PWM na 15 kHz wanda ke sarrafa saurin motar.
• 7805 Voltage Regulator: Mai daidaita 5V wanda ke ba da wutar lantarki ga dabaru na sarrafawa da direban nuni.
• XL7015 Buck Converter: Mai juyar da wutar lantarki mai girma wanda ke rage wutar shigar (har zuwa 60V) zuwa tsayayyen 5V ga sauran da'irar.

Jagorar Wayoyi

Haɗa wayoyi na na'urar abu ne mai sauƙi, saboda tana amfani da ƙananan tashoshi na screw. Tashoshi huɗu a gefe an yi musu alama a sarari don shigar wutar lantarki da fitar motar.

Haɗa wutar lantarki ta DC (10-55V) zuwa tashoshin da aka yiwa alama + da -. Sa'an nan, haɗa motar DC zuwa sauran tashoshi biyu. Ana iya canza alkiblar jujjuyawar motar ta amfani da maɓalli mai hanyoyi uku a gaban na'urar. Na'urar kuma tana da maɓalli na musamman na kunnawa/kashewa wanda ke sarrafa siginar zuwa mai sarrafa, yana ba ku damar tsayar da motar ba tare da yanke babban wutar ba.

Idan an samar da zanen wayoyi a cikin bidiyo, za a sanya shi anan.

Bayanin Lambar

Babu lambar da aka bayar don wannan aikin, saboda yana mai da hankali kan bitar kayan aiki na mai sarrafa motar mai zaman kansa. Na'urar ta cika kanta kuma ba ta buƙatar shirye-shirye don aiki. Koyaya, mai bitar ya ambaci yuwuwar "hack" a cikin bidiyo (a cikin bidiyo a 02:02) don ba da damar sarrafawa ta hanyar Arduino. Wannan zai ƙunshi ƙetare potentiometer na ciki don ciyar da siginar PWM na waje zuwa da'irar 555 timer, amma ba a rufe ƙayyadaddun bayanai a cikin wannan rubutun ba.

Gwajin Aiki na Kai Tsaye da Nazarin Zafi

Babban abin da ke cikin wannan bita shine gwajin aiki na kai tsaye. Mai bitar ya haɗa na'urar zuwa wutar lantarki da kuma nauyin lantarki don kwaikwayi yanayin duniya na gaske da auna ainihin iyawarta.

Aiki na Asali: Gwajin farko da ƙaramin mota ya tabbatar da cewa sarrafa saurin da canza alkibla suna aiki kamar yadda ake tsammani. Mai sarrafa yana da aikin farawa mai laushi, wanda ke haɓaka saurin motar a hankali maimakon tsalle zuwa ƙimar da aka saita, yana rage damuwa na inji.

Mafi ƙarancin Wutar Lantarki: Gwajin ya nuna cewa yayin da na'urar ke iya aiki a ƙananan wutar lantarki, tana buƙatar ƙayyadaddun shigar 10V don ingantaccen aiki mai dogaro (a cikin bidiyo a 09:25).

Gwajin Babban Wutar Lantarki: Mafi mahimmancin gwaji ya ƙunshi tura mai sarrafa zuwa iyakokinsa. Mai bitar ya saita nauyin lantarki zuwa amperes 60, daidai da ƙimar ci gaba na na'urar. A ƙarƙashin wannan nauyin, MOSFETs sun fara yin zafi da sauri, suna kaiwa yanayin zafi sama da 100°C (a cikin bidiyo a 13:44). Yanayin zafi ya ci gaba da hauhawa, daga ƙarshe ya wuce 125°C, wanda ya tilasta mai bitar ya dakatar da gwajin don hana lalacewa.

Hoton Zafi: An yi amfani da kyamara mai zafi don gano abubuwan da suka fi zafi. Binciken ya nuna cewa MOSFETs sune tushen zafi na farko, yayin da relays suka kasance masu ɗan sanyi. Wannan yana nuna cewa ƙimar wutar lantarki ta fi iyakancewa ta hanyar iyawar zubar da zafi na MOSFETs.

Gwajin Rage Wutar Lantarki: An maimaita gwajin a ƙananan wutar lantarki don nemo wurin aiki mai dorewa. A amperes 50, yanayin zafi har yanzu yana ƙaruwa. A amperes 40, yanayin zafi ya daidaita a kusan 91-99°C bayan ƴan mintuna. Wannan yana nuna cewa don ci gaba da aiki, na'urar tana da ƙimar gaske na kusan amperes 30-40, ba amperes 60 da aka tallata ba.

Nunin Aikin Kai Tsaye

Ƙarshe

Wannan mai sarrafa saurin motar DC samfur ne mai kyau ga farashinsa, yana ba da ƙaƙƙarfan fasalin sarrafawa da ingantaccen gini. Duk da haka, ƙimar 60A da aka yi tallarsa ba ta gaskiya ba. Gwajin zafi ya tabbatar da cewa ya fi dacewa ga aikace-aikacen da ke ɗaukar 40A ko ƙasa don amfani mai ci gaba. Idan aikin ku na buƙatar ƙarin ƙarfin wutar lantarki, kuna buƙatar aiwatar da ƙarin hanyoyin sanyaya ko kuma la'akari da mai sarrafawa mai ƙarfi. Ga yawancin aikace-aikacen sarrafa motar matsakaici-ƙarfi, wannan module yana ba da ƙima da aiki mai kyau.

Babuka

• [00:00] Gabatarwa da Bayanin Samfur
• [01:14] Ƙayyadaddun Bayanai da Hanyar Siyayya
• [02:14] Yawon Module Hardware da Gano Abubuwan Haɗin
• [04:03] Rarraba Abubuwan Ciki da Nazari
• [06:39] Gwajin Sarrafa Saurin Gudu da Alkibla na Asali
• [09:25] Gwajin Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki Mafi Ƙanƙanta
• [10:18] Gwajin Ƙarfin Wuta Mai Girma (60A) da Hoton Zafi
• [16:36] Gwajin Ƙarfin Wuta Mai Ragewa (50A da 40A)
• [19:43] Hukunci na Ƙarshe da Shawarwari