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第76-1课:使用单个VL6180激光距离传感器与Arduino

第76-1课:使用单个VL6180激光距离传感器与Arduino

第76-1課:用Arduino使用單一粒VL6180激光距離感測器

喺呢個教學入面,我哋會學點樣用VL6180X激光距離感測器配合Arduino板。呢粒細細粒嘅感測器可以準確量度最多20厘米嘅距離,適合用喺機械人同物件偵測等各種應用。完成呢個教學之後,你就會清楚知道點樣接線、安裝所需嘅函式庫,同埋寫程式去攞距離讀數。

VL6080X Sensor top view

VL6180X感測器係用飛行時間(ToF)原理運作,佢會發射激光,然後量度光線撞到物件之後反射返嚟嘅時間。呢個方法可以做到精確嘅距離量度,廣泛用喺流動裝置同機械人上面。喺跟住落嚟嘅章節,我哋會討論硬件組件、接線指示同程式碼實現。

硬件解說

呢個項目嘅主要組件係VL6180X激光距離感測器。呢粒感測器有I2C介面,好容易就可以連接到Arduino。佢有幾個針腳,包括電源、接地同數據線。感測器嘅工作電壓範圍係2.6至3.6伏特,可以好準確咁量度距離。

另外,Arduino板就係負責讀取感測器數據同處理數據嘅微控制器。呢個設置需要基本嘅電子組件,例如跳線同麵包板嚟做連接。了解每個組件點樣互相配合,對於成功實現係好重要嘅。

數據手冊細節

製造商STMicroelectronics
零件編號VL6180X
邏輯/IO電壓2.6 - 3.6 V
供電電壓2.6 - 3.6 V
輸出電流1.7 mA(典型值)
峰值電流10 mA(最大值)
PWM頻率指引不適用
輸入邏輯閾值不適用
電壓降 / RDS(on) / 飽和不適用
熱限制-20至70 °C
封裝4.8 x 2.8 x 1 mm
備註 / 變體近距離偵測同測距感測器

  • 確保電源供應喺指定範圍之內,以免整壞感測器。
  • 如有需要,喺I2C線上加拉高電阻,確保通訊可靠。
  • 將感測器遠離直接陽光,先至可以攞到準確讀數。
  • 可以考慮用麵包板嚟方便連接同調整。
  • 查閱函式庫文件,了解特定函數嘅用法同功能。

接線指示

Wiring VL6180 Obstacle Avoidance with Arduino
Wiring VL6180 Obstacle Avoidance with Arduino
VL6180_dual_sensor_bb

要將VL6180X感測器接到Arduino,首先將感測器嘅VCC針腳連接到Arduino嘅5V針腳。跟住將感測器嘅GND針腳連接到Arduino嘅GND針腳。感測器嘅SCL針腳要連接到A5,而SDA針腳就要連接到Arduino嘅A4

確保按照呢個順序連接感測器:VCC5VGNDGNDSDAA4,同SCLA5。如果你打算用多過一粒感測器,要確保每粒都有獨立嘅I2C地址,同埋要適當處理關閉(shutdown)針腳。

程式碼示例同解說

喺程式碼入面,我哋首先包含所需嘅函式庫,然後初始化感測器實例。下面嘅片段示範點樣設置I2C通訊,同檢查係咪搵到感測器:

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
  while (!Serial) { delay(1); }
  
  if (! vl.begin()) {
    Serial.println("搵唔到感測器");
    while (1);
  }
  Serial.println("搵到感測器!");
}

呢段程式碼初始化序列監視器,然後嘗試同VL6180X感測器開始通訊。如果搵唔到感測器,佢會印出錯誤訊息,然後停止程式。

跟住,我哋讀取感測器嘅距離,同時檢查有冇錯誤:

void loop() {
  uint8_t range = vl.readRange();
  uint8_t status = vl.readRangeStatus();

  if (status == VL6180X_ERROR_NONE) {
    Serial.print("距離:"); Serial.print(range);
    Serial.println("mm");
  }
}

呢段片段讀取感測器量度到嘅距離,然後印到序列監視器。如果有任何錯誤,就可以根據返回嘅狀態印出相應嘅錯誤訊息。

示範 / 預期效果

完成接線同上載程式碼去Arduino之後,你應該會喺序列監視器度見到距離讀數。當有物件放喺感測器嘅量度範圍之內,就會顯示以毫米為單位嘅距離。如果物件太遠或者太近,感測器就會返回錯誤訊息。呢個行為可以喺影片示範入面確認(影片19:30位置)。

影片時間標記

  • 00:00 開始
  • 00:56 介紹
  • 04:30 查閱VL6080V數據手冊
  • 06:58 接線示範
  • 07:32 兩粒或以上感測器嘅接線
  • 09:22 安裝函式庫
  • 10:30 Arduino程式碼解說(1粒感測器)
  • 12:57 兩粒或以上感測器嘅程式碼
  • 19:35 1粒感測器示範
  • 22:05 2粒感測器示範

圖片

VL6080X sensor
VL6080X Sensor
VL6080X Sensor back of PCB
VL6080X Sensor back of PCB
VL6080X Sensor top view
VL6080X Sensor top view
VL6080X Sensor verticle
VL6080X Sensor verticle
Wiring VL6180 Obstacle Avoidance with Arduino
Wiring VL6180 Obstacle Avoidance with Arduino
VL6180_wiring_new
VL6180_wiring_new
VL6180_dual_sensor_bb
VL6180_dual_sensor_bb
361-Arduino code for VL6180X 20cm Time-of-Flight proximity sensor
語言: C++
/*
 *  Arduino code 
Using a single VL6180X 20cm Time-of-Flight proximity sensor with Arduino

View code for using a single VL6180X sensor: https://robojax.com?vid=robojax_VL6180X_laser2

 * Original code and library by https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_VL6180X
 * 
 * Written/updated by Ahmad Shamshiri for Robojax Robojax.com
 * on Mar 10, 2021  in Ajax, Ontario, Canada
Watch the video instruction for this sketch: https://youtu.be/_H9D0czQpSI
 


If you found this tutorial helpful, please support me so I can continue creating 
content like this. 
or make a donation using PayPal http://robojax.com/L/?id=64

* 
 * Code is available at http://robojax.com/learn/arduino

 * This code is "AS IS" without warranty or liability. Free to be used as long as you keep this note intact.
 * This code has been downloaded from Robojax.com
    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
    (at your option) any later version.

    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
    GNU General Public License for more details.

    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
    along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. 

*/
#include <Wire.h>
#include "Adafruit_VL6180X.h"

Adafruit_VL6180X vl = Adafruit_VL6180X();

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);

  // wait for serial port to open on native usb devices
  while (!Serial) {
    delay(1);
  }
  
  Serial.println("Adafruit VL6180x test!");
  if (! vl.begin()) {
    Serial.println("Failed to find sensor");
    while (1);
  }
  Serial.println("Sensor found!");
}

void loop() {

  uint8_t range = vl.readRange();
  uint8_t status = vl.readRangeStatus();

  if (status == VL6180X_ERROR_NONE) {
    Serial.print("Range: "); Serial.print(range);
    Serial.println("mm");
  }
//  if(range <=76)
//  {
//    //do something
//  }

  // Some error occurred, print it out!
  
  if  ((status >= VL6180X_ERROR_SYSERR_1) && (status <= VL6180X_ERROR_SYSERR_5)) {
    Serial.println("System error");
  }
  else if (status == VL6180X_ERROR_ECEFAIL) {
    Serial.println("ECE failure");
  }
  else if (status == VL6180X_ERROR_NOCONVERGE) {
    Serial.println("No convergence");
  }
  else if (status == VL6180X_ERROR_RANGEIGNORE) {
    Serial.println("Ignoring range");
  }
  else if (status == VL6180X_ERROR_SNR) {
    Serial.println("Signal/Noise error");
  }
  else if (status == VL6180X_ERROR_RAWUFLOW) {
    Serial.println("Raw reading underflow");
  }
  else if (status == VL6180X_ERROR_RAWOFLOW) {
    Serial.println("Raw reading overflow");
  }
  else if (status == VL6180X_ERROR_RANGEUFLOW) {
    Serial.println("Range reading underflow");
  }
  else if (status == VL6180X_ERROR_RANGEOFLOW) {
    Serial.println("Range reading overflow");
  }
  delay(50);
}
449-Lesson 76: Using VL6180 62cm laser distance sensors with Arduino
語言: C++
/*
* Lesson 76-1: Using one VL6180 laser distance sensor with Arduino 
 * Adafruit code modified for this tutorial
 * by Ahmad Shamshiri at 22:22 on 
 * March 10-11, 2021 in Ajax, ON, Canada
 Please watch video instruction of this code: https://youtu.be/_H9D0czQpSI
 
View code for using two or more VL6180X sensors: https://robojax.com/course1/lecture76

  This video is part of the Arduino Step by Step Course, which starts here: https://youtu.be/-6qSrDUA5a8

 

If you found this tutorial helpful, please support me so I can continue creating 
content like this. You can support me on Patreon: http://robojax.com/L/?id=63

or make a donation using PayPal: http://robojax.com/L/?id=64
  
 * This code is "AS IS" without warranty or liability. Free to be used as long as you keep this note intact. * 
 * This code has been downloaded from Robojax.com
    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
    (at your option) any later version.

    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
    GNU General Public License for more details.

    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
    along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. 
 */
#include <Wire.h>
#include "Adafruit_VL6180X.h"

Adafruit_VL6180X vl = Adafruit_VL6180X();

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);

  // wait for serial port to open on native usb devices
  while (!Serial) {
    delay(1);
  }
  
  Serial.println("Adafruit VL6180x test!");
  if (! vl.begin()) {
    Serial.println("Failed to find sensor");
    while (1);
  }
  Serial.println("Sensor found!");
}

void loop() {

  uint8_t range = vl.readRange();
  uint8_t status = vl.readRangeStatus();

  if (status == VL6180X_ERROR_NONE) {
    Serial.print("Range: "); Serial.print(range);
    Serial.println("mm");
  }
//  if(range <=76)
//  {
//    //do something
//  }

  // Some error occurred, print it out!
  
  if  ((status >= VL6180X_ERROR_SYSERR_1) && (status <= VL6180X_ERROR_SYSERR_5)) {
    Serial.println("System error");
  }
  else if (status == VL6180X_ERROR_ECEFAIL) {
    Serial.println("ECE failure");
  }
  else if (status == VL6180X_ERROR_NOCONVERGE) {
    Serial.println("No convergence");
  }
  else if (status == VL6180X_ERROR_RANGEIGNORE) {
    Serial.println("Ignoring range");
  }
  else if (status == VL6180X_ERROR_SNR) {
    Serial.println("Signal/Noise error");
  }
  else if (status == VL6180X_ERROR_RAWUFLOW) {
    Serial.println("Raw reading underflow");
  }
  else if (status == VL6180X_ERROR_RAWOFLOW) {
    Serial.println("Raw reading overflow");
  }
  else if (status == VL6180X_ERROR_RANGEUFLOW) {
    Serial.println("Range reading underflow");
  }
  else if (status == VL6180X_ERROR_RANGEOFLOW) {
    Serial.println("Range reading overflow");
  }
  delay(50);
}
450-Lesson 76: Using 2 ore more VL6180X 62cm Laser Distance Sensors with Arduino
語言: C++
/*
 *  Arduino code 
 * Lesson 76-2: Using two or more VL6180 Laser Distance Sensors with Arduino 
 * Adafruit code modified for this tutorial 
 * Using two or more VL6180X 20cm Time-of-Flight proximity sensors with Arduino
 *
 * View code for using single VL6180X sensors: https://robojax.com/course1/lecture76
 *
 * Original code and library by https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_VL6180X
 * 
 * Written/updated by Ahmad Shamshiri for Robojax Robojax.com
 * on Mar 12, 2021  in Ajax, Ontario, Canada
 * Watch the video instruction for this sketch: https://youtu.be/_H9D0czQpSI
 *
 *
 * Please watch video instruction for this code: https://youtu.be/_H9D0czQpSI
 *
 *  This video is part of Arduino Step by Step Course which starts here: https://youtu.be/-6qSrDUA5a8
 *
 *
 * If you found this tutorial helpful, please support me so I can continue creating 
 * content like this. 
 *
 * or make a donation using PayPal http://robojax.com/L/?id=64
 *  
 * This code is "AS IS" without warranty or liability. Free to be used as long as you keep this note intact.
 * This code has been downloaded from Robojax.com
 * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. 
 *
 */

#include <Adafruit_VL6180X.h>

// address we will assign if dual sensor is present
#define LOX1_ADDRESS 0x30
#define LOX2_ADDRESS 0x31



// set the pins to shutdown
#define SHT_LOX1 7
#define SHT_LOX2 6


// Optional define GPIO pins to check to see if complete
#define GPIO_LOX1 4
#define GPIO_LOX2 3


#define TIMING_PIN 13

// objects for the VL6180X
Adafruit_VL6180X lox1 = Adafruit_VL6180X();
Adafruit_VL6180X lox2 = Adafruit_VL6180X();


// Setup mode for doing reads
typedef enum {RUN_MODE_DEFAULT, RUN_MODE_TIMED, RUN_MODE_ASYNC, RUN_MODE_GPIO, RUN_MODE_CONT} runmode_t;

runmode_t run_mode = RUN_MODE_DEFAULT;
uint8_t show_command_list = 1;

//==========================================================================
// Define some globals used in the continuous range mode
// Note: going to start table drive this part, may back up and do the rest later
Adafruit_VL6180X *sensors[] = {&lox1, &lox2};
const uint8_t COUNT_SENSORS = sizeof(sensors) / sizeof(sensors[0]);
const int sensor_gpios[COUNT_SENSORS] = {GPIO_LOX1, GPIO_LOX2}; // if any are < 0 will poll instead
uint8_t  tempRange;
uint8_t         sensor_ranges[COUNT_SENSORS];
uint8_t         sensor_status[COUNT_SENSORS];
// Could do with uint8_t for 8 sensors, but just in case...
const uint16_t  ALL_SENSORS_PENDING = ((1 << COUNT_SENSORS) - 1);
uint16_t        sensors_pending = ALL_SENSORS_PENDING;
uint32_t        sensor_last_cycle_time;


/*
    Reset all sensors by setting all of their XSHUT pins low for delay(10), then set all XSHUT high to bring out of reset
    Keep sensor #1 awake by keeping XSHUT pin high
    Put all other sensors into shutdown by pulling XSHUT pins low
    Initialize sensor #1 with lox.begin(new_i2c_address) Pick any number but 0x29 and it must be under 0x7F. Going with 0x30 to 0x3F is probably OK.
    Keep sensor #1 awake, and now bring sensor #2 out of reset by setting its XSHUT pin high.
    Initialize sensor #2 with lox.begin(new_i2c_address) Pick any number but 0x29 and whatever you set the first sensor to
*/
void setID() {
  // all reset
  digitalWrite(SHT_LOX1, LOW);
  digitalWrite(SHT_LOX2, LOW);

  delay(10);

  // all unreset
  digitalWrite(SHT_LOX1, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(SHT_LOX2, HIGH);

  delay(10);

  // activating LOX1 and reseting LOX2
  digitalWrite(SHT_LOX1, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(SHT_LOX2, LOW);


  // initing LOX1
  if (!lox1.begin()) {
    Serial.println(F("Failed to boot first VL6180X"));
    while (1);
  }
  lox1.setAddress(LOX1_ADDRESS);
  delay(10);

  // activating LOX2
  digitalWrite(SHT_LOX2, HIGH);
  delay(10);

  //initing LOX2
  if (!lox2.begin()) {
    Serial.println(F("Failed to boot second VL6180X"));
    while (1);
  }
  lox2.setAddress(LOX2_ADDRESS);
  delay(10);

 
}

void readSensor(Adafruit_VL6180X &vl) {

  float lux = vl.readLux(VL6180X_ALS_GAIN_5);

  uint8_t range = vl.readRange();

  uint8_t status = vl.readRangeStatus();

  if (status == VL6180X_ERROR_NONE) {
      tempRange = range;//save it for the moment
  }

  // Some error occurred, print it out!

  if  ((status >= VL6180X_ERROR_SYSERR_1) && (status <= VL6180X_ERROR_SYSERR_5)) {
    Serial.print("(System error)");
  }
  else if (status == VL6180X_ERROR_ECEFAIL) {
    Serial.print("(ECE failure)");
  }
  else if (status == VL6180X_ERROR_NOCONVERGE) {
    Serial.print("(No convergence)");
  }
  else if (status == VL6180X_ERROR_RANGEIGNORE) {
    Serial.print("(Ignoring range)");
  }
  else if (status == VL6180X_ERROR_SNR) {
    Serial.print("Signal/Noise error");
  }
  else if (status == VL6180X_ERROR_RAWUFLOW) {
    Serial.print("Raw reading underflow");
  }
  else if (status == VL6180X_ERROR_RAWOFLOW) {
    Serial.print("Raw reading overflow");
  }
  else if (status == VL6180X_ERROR_RANGEUFLOW) {
    Serial.print("Range reading underflow");
  }
  else if (status == VL6180X_ERROR_RANGEOFLOW) {
    Serial.print("Range reading overflow");
  }
}

void read_sensors() {
  readSensor(lox1);
  sensor_ranges[0]=tempRange;//save it now

  readSensor(lox2);
  sensor_ranges[1]=tempRange; //save it now 

  Serial.println();
}





//===============================================================
// Setup
//===============================================================
void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);

  // wait until serial port opens for native USB devices
  while (! Serial) {
    delay(1);
  }

  pinMode(SHT_LOX1, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(SHT_LOX2, OUTPUT);


  // Enable timing pin so easy to see when pass starts and ends
  pinMode(TIMING_PIN, OUTPUT);

#ifdef GPIO_LOX1
  // If we defined GPIO pins, enable them as PULL UP
  pinMode(GPIO_LOX1, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(GPIO_LOX2, INPUT_PULLUP);

#endif

  Serial.println("Shutdown pins inited...");

  digitalWrite(SHT_LOX1, LOW);
  digitalWrite(SHT_LOX2, LOW);

  digitalWrite(TIMING_PIN, LOW);
  Serial.println("All in reset mode...(pins are low)");


  Serial.println("Starting...");
  setID();

}

//===============================================================
// Loop
//===============================================================
void loop() {
 read_sensors();
      for(int i=0; i<COUNT_SENSORS; i++)
      {
        Serial.print("Sensor ");
        Serial.print(i);
        Serial.print(" :");        
        Serial.print(sensor_ranges[i]);
        Serial.print("mm");
        Serial.println();
      } 
//      if(sensor_ranges[1] >=76)
//      {
//        //do something here
//      }
  delay(100);
}

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