Bita'in XY-1250 10-50A, 60A, 3000W PWM Mai Sarrafa Gudun Mota XY-1260

Bita'in XY-1250 10-50A, 60A, 3000W PWM Mai Sarrafa Gudun Mota XY-1260

Wannan jagorar tana ba da cikakken bita da gwajin hannu-da-hannu na XY-1250 (wanda kuma aka sani da XY-1260) PWM mai sarrafa saurin mota. Wannan module an ƙera shi ne don sarrafa saurin manyan motocin DC ta hanyar canza siginar pulse width modulation (PWM). Yana da ingantaccen mafita mai ɗorewa don fannoni da yawa na aikace-aikace inda ake buƙatar daidaitaccen sarrafa saurin babbar motar DC. Muna da koyarwa ta daban da ke nuna yadda ake amfani da Arduino don sarrafa saurin wannan mai sarrafawa. Duba shi anan

Wannan mai sarrafawa yana da amfani musamman ga ayyukan da ke buƙatar sarrafa babban wutar lantarki. Wasu aikace-aikace masu amfani sun haɗa da:

• Sarrafa saurin babbar motar DC a cikin motar go-kart ko babur na lantarki.
• Gina na'urar sarrafa saurin motsi don motar treadmill a cikin kayan aikin bita na DIY, kamar lathe ko bandsaw.
• Ƙirƙirar mai sarrafa motar wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi don bel na jigilar kaya na masana'antu ko tsarin ƙofar atomatik.
• Haɓaka tsarin sarrafa motar da ke akwai wanda ke buƙatar sauƙi, babban PWM interface.
• Ƙarfafawa da sarrafa winch mai nauyi tare da daidaitattun gyare-gyaren sauri.

Bitar za ta rufe kayan aikin hardware, cikakken nunin aikin module tare da ƙaramin mota, da kuma gwajin damuwa mai tsauri ta amfani da nauyin lantarki don tantance ainihin iyakokin wutar lantarki da ƙarfin sa.

Bayanin Hardware

XY-1250 babban module ne da aka gina don ɗaukar ƙarfi mai mahimmanci. Mai ƙera ya ƙididdige shi don matsakaicin ƙarfin shigarwa na 50V da matsakaicin wutar lantarki na 60A. Jimlar ƙarfin ana lissafta shi ta hanyar ninka ƙarfin shigarwa da wutar lantarki. Don haka, a matsakaicin 50V, yana iya samar da 3000W (50V × 60A). Idan kuna amfani da ƙaramin ƙarfi, kamar 24V, matsakaicin ƙarfin yana raguwa daidai (24V × 60A = 1440W).

Bari mu raba mahimman abubuwan da ke kan allo:

Shigarwa da Fitarwa Terminals: Module yana da manyan screw terminals masu nauyi don shigar da wutar lantarki (baturi) da fitarwar motar (masu alamar M+ da M-). Waɗannan an ƙera su ne don ɗaukar fork ko ring connectors don amintaccen haɗi mai dogaro.

Potentiometer da Switch: An haɗa potentiometer tare da haɗe-haɗen on/off switch. Wannan ɓangaren yana ba ku damar sarrafa saurin motar ta hanyar daidaita juriya kuma yana aiki azaman babban maɓallin wutar lantarki na mai sarrafawa.

Matakin Ƙarfi - MOSFETs: Zuciyar mai sarrafawa ita ce matakin fitarwa, wanda ya ƙunshi NCE7190 power MOSFETs guda takwas a layi daya. Bisa ga takardar bayanan da aka ambata a cikin bidiyon, kowane MOSFET na iya ɗaukar har zuwa 90A. Duk da haka, ta hanyar amfani da takwas a layi daya, ana rarraba nauyin zafi, yana ba da damar module ya ɗauki manyan wutar lantarki tare da ƙaramin heatsink. Bidiyon ya lura cewa ko da MOSFET ɗaya ya gaza kuma an cire shi, sauran na iya raba nauyin, kodayake matsakaicin ƙarfin ya ragu. MOSFETs an keɓe su daban tare da nasu gate resistors don daidaita rabon wutar lantarki.

Kariya daga Kickback - Schottky Diodes: Don kare kewayawa daga hawan wutar lantarki da motar inductive load ke haifarwa, an sanya nau'i-nau'i na 20100CT Schottky diode guda huɗu a kan fitarwa. Waɗannan diodes suna ba da hanya don "kickback" wutar lantarki lokacin da aka kashe motar, suna hana lalacewa ga MOSFETs.

Kewayawar Sarrafawa: Siginar PWM ana samar da shi ta ICs na 555 timer guda biyu. Potentiometer yana canza juriya a cikin kewayawar lokaci, wanda hakan ke daidaita aikin aikin PWM siginar don haka saurin motar.

Girman Jiki: Module yana da kusan 122mm × 86.6mm kuma yana da zurfin 28mm. Yana da nauyi kusan 179.6 grams.

Jagorar Wayoyi

Haɗa wayoyi na XY-1250 abu ne mai sauƙi. An yiwa shigarwa terminals alama a sarari don wayoyi masu kyau da marasa kyau daga tushen wutar lantarki (misali, baturi). Fitarwa terminals an yiwa su alama M+ da M- kuma suna haɗa kai tsaye zuwa motar DC ɗin ku.

Ga mai sauƙin zanen wayoyi na module:

A cikin wannan saitin, tushen wutar lantarki an haɗa shi zuwa shigarwa terminals a hagu, kuma motar an haɗa shi zuwa fitarwa terminals a dama. Potentiometer ɗin da aka haɗa yana shiga cikin keɓaɓɓen connector a kan allo, yana ba ku damar kunna module da kashe shi da sarrafa saurin motar.

Nuni tare da Motar DC

Bidiyon ya fara gwajin aiki ta hanyar haɗa module zuwa ƙaramin motar DC. Tare da shigarwa na 12.1V, mai sarrafawa ya sami nasarar canza saurin motar daga mafi ƙanƙanta zuwa mafi girma. Gwajin sannan ya koma zuwa babbar motar DC mai 130V (daga treadmill) da ke aiki akan samar da 12V. Mai sarrafawa ya iya farawa da tafiyar da wannan motar cikin sauƙi, kuma saurin ya ƙaru yayin da aka ɗaga ƙarfin shigarwa zuwa 20V sannan 30V, yana nuna ikon module na ɗaukar manyan kaya.

Aikin Kai Tsaye: Gwajin Damuwa tare da Nauyin Lantarki

Don Allah, don gwada iyakar mai sarrafawa, mai gabatarwa ya haɗa shi da na'urar lantarki mai ɗaukar nauyi. Wannan na'urar tana iya ɗaukar ƙarfi daidai, akai-akai, wanda ke ba da damar gwajin damuwa mai sarrafawa. Saitin ya haɗa da ma'aunin watt don lura da ƙarfin shigarwa, halin yanzu, da ƙarfi, kuma an saita nauyin lantarki zuwa yanayin ƙarfi akai-akai.

An gudanar da gwajin a 12V, yana farawa da nauyin 100W, wanda ya jawo kusan 9A. Mai sarrafawa ya kasance mai sanyi. Daga nan aka ƙara nauyin a matakai. A 200W da 250W, har yanzu module ɗin yana da sanyi sosai ga taɓawa. A 300W, ya jawo kusan 28A, kuma an auna ƙarfin shigarwa a 326W, wanda ke nuna kusan 26W na ɓatar da ƙarfi. Gwajin ya ci gaba har zuwa 350W, wanda shine iyakar nauyin lantarki. A wannan lokacin, halin yanzu ya kasance 33A, kuma module ɗin ya fara jin dumi. Bidiyon ya lura da raguwar ƙarfin lantarki a fitarwa a ƙarƙashin babban nauyi, wanda al'ada ce ga irin wannan mai sarrafawa. A lokacin wannan gwajin, ɗaya daga cikin MOSFETs ya yi zafi sosai kuma ya gaza. Mai gabatarwa ya cire shi, kuma mai sarrafawa ya ci gaba da aiki, yana tabbatar da juriya na ƙirar layi daya. Gwajin ya ci gaba, kuma mai sarrafawa ya iya ɗaukar 40A a 12V, tare da MOSFETs suna kasancewa da ɗan sanyi yayin da Schottky diodes suka fara yin zafi.

Gwaji a 24V

An kuma gudanar da ɗan gajeren gwaji tare da samar da 24V. Mai sarrafawa ya iya ɗaukar 20A ba tare da matsala ba, yana nuna iyawarsa a manyan ƙarfin lantarki ma.

Bayanin Code

Babu code da ake buƙata don wannan aikin. XY-1250 module ne na hardware mai zaman kansa wanda ke aiki ta amfani da nasa kewayen samar da PWM na ciki, wanda ya dogara da 555 timer ICs. Babu sigogin software da mai amfani zai iya saita ko matakan shirye-shirye da ke cikin aikinsa.

Ƙarshe da Shawarwari

Dangane da gwajin mai tsauri, XY-1250 module ne mai ƙarfi sosai kuma an gina shi da kyau. A 12V, yana iya ɗaukar har zuwa 30A akai-akai ba tare da fan mai sanyaya ba. Mai gabatarwa ya ba da shawarar rage iyakar halin yanzu zuwa 20A ko ma 15A lokacin aiki a manyan ƙarfin lantarki (misali, 24V ko 36V) don hana yin zafi fiye da kima. Ƙara fan mai sanyaya mai aiki zai iya ba da damar module ɗin ya ɗauki maɗaukakin halin yanzu. Ƙirar module ɗin, tare da MOSFETs na layi daya da ƙaƙƙarfan gini, ya sa ya zama zaɓi da ake ba da shawara sosai don aikace-aikacen sarrafa saurin motar DC mai ƙarfi.

Babuka

• [00:00] Gabatarwa da Bayanin Samfur
• [01:27] Bayanin Hardware
• [06:03] Nunawa tare da Motar DC
• [09:17] Nunawa tare da Nauyin Lantarki
• [18:12] Nunawa: Nauyin lantarki tare da 24V
• [18:33] Kammalawa

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