Boyé ya mateya 2 na 10: Python ya liboso mpo na kotambwisa Raspberry Pi Pico 4WD Smart Car Kit

Boyé ya mateya 2 na 10: Python ya liboso mpo na kotambwisa Raspberry Pi Pico 4WD Smart Car Kit

Na boyó mbala ya míbalé ya mateya oyo ya Robojax Raspberry Pi Pico 4WD Smart Car, tokotiya motéma na makanisi ya libosó ya Python oyo ekosalisa yo kokamba robot na yo. Mokanda oyo esalemi mpo na komema yo longwa na boyebi ya kokoma code té kino na kokoma mikanda oyo ekosalisa yo kokamba hardware. Na esika ya koyeba kaka syntax, tokotala "mpo na nini" na nsima ya makanisi nyonso, mpo na kopesa yo biloko ya kotonga mpe kobongisa ba projets na yo moko. Na suka ya mateya oyo, okozala na boyebi ya makasi ya variables, contrôle ya flux, fonctions, mpe listes—oyo ezali fondement ya ba projets nyonso ya mikolo ekoya.

Boyebi oyo ezali te mpo na smart car kaka. Ba principes oyo okoyekola awa ezali kaka yango oyo esalelami na ba applications ebele ya solo na mokili. Okoki kosalela ba compétences oyo na:

• Kosalela automatisation ya serre ya ndako mpo na kokamba ba ventilateurs, ba pompes, mpe ba lumières kolanda ba données ya capteurs.
• Kotonga système ya sécurité ya yo moko oyo ekotrigger ba alarmes to kotinda ba notifications.
• Kokela ba installations ya art interactif oyo ezongisaka na environnement.
• Kokómisa ba comportements ya robot na yo moko libanda ya ba pré-programmés.

Hardware/Composants

Mpo na kolanda ba exemples ya hardware na mateya oyo, okosengeli ba composants oyo. Oyo nyonso ezali kati na SunFounder Raspberry Pi Pico 4WD Smart Car Kit, kasi okoki kosomba yango moko mpo na ba expériences indépendantes.

• Raspberry Pi Pico: Mokonzi ya microcontroller ya projet.
• LED: Esalelami mpo na kolakisa contrôle ya sortie digitale.
• Résistance (150Ω - 330Ω): Mpo na kokitisa courant mpe kobatela LED.
• Ba fils de connexion: Mpo na kosala ba connexions na breadboard.
• Breadboard: Mpo na kotonga circuit na yo.

Guide ya câblage

Mpo na démonstration ya hardware na mateya oyo, tokotonga circuit ya pete mpo na kokamba LED na Raspberry Pi Pico. Câblage ezali pete mpe ezali étape ya liboso ya classique na calcul physique. Likambo ya ntina ezali kosalela résistance ya kokitisa courant mpo na kopekisa LED ete ezala na moto. Résistance esengeli kosangisama na série na LED. Lokolo ya molai ya LED (anode) ezali connexion positive, mpe lokolo ya mokuse (cathode) ezali connexion négative.

Na vidéo, molakisi asalelaka résistance oyo esangisami na pin ya terre mpe lokolo ya mokuse ya LED. Lokolo ya molai esangisami na GPIO pin 22. Configuration oyo epesaka Pico nzela ya kotinda signal ya likolo (3.3V) na pin mpo na kopelisa LED mpe signal ya se (0V) mpo na kozimisa yango.

Note: Diagramme ya câblage emonami na vidéo. Tálá guide visuel mpo na placement ya sikisiki.

Explication ya Code

Mateya oyo elukaka makanisi ya libosó ya Python mpe logique, oyo ezali ntina mpo na kokamba robot na yo. Tokabola makanisi ya ntina oyo emonami na vidéo. Ba exemples ya code ekomami na MicroPython, version ya Python oyo esalemi mpo na kosalela na ba microcontrôleurs lokola Raspberry Pi Pico.

Variables mpe Types ya Données

Variables ezali lokola ba boîtes ya bilembo oyo obombaka information. Na Python, osengeli te kotanga type ya variable; yango emonanaka na valeur oyo opesi. (na vidéo na 03:33)

age = 23  # Oyo ezali entier
name = "Ahmad"  # Oyo ezali chaîne (texte)
pi = 3.14  # Oyo ezali nombre décimal

Okoki kosalela ba variables oyo na ba calculs mpe kobimisa ba valeurs na yango. Na ndakisa, mpo na kokanola motango ya mikolo na mibu oyo epesami, okoki kosalela days = age * 365. Fonction print() esalelami mpo na kolakisa sortie na console.

Déclarations Conditionnelles (If/Else)

Ba déclarations conditionnelles epesaka code na yo nzela ya kosala ba décisions. Oyo ezali ntina mpo na robot ete ezala na réaction na environnement na yango, lokola kotelema ntango emonaka obstacle. (na vidéo na 07:39)

age = 16
if age >= 17:
    print("Okoki kotambola")
else:
    print("Azali mokuse mpo na kotambola")

Déclaration if etalaka condition. Soki condition ezali True, bloc ya code oyo ekomami na indentation na se na yango esalelamaka. Soki ezali False, code oyo ezali na se ya déclaration else esalelamaka. Indentation (ba espaces na ebandeli ya ligne) ezali ntina mingi na Python; yango nde eyebanisaka code oyo ezali ya bloc nini.

Ba Boucles (For mpe While)

Ba boucles esalelamaka mpo na kozongela bloc ya code. Oyo ezali malamu mpo na ba tâches lokola kotánga ba valeurs ya capteurs to kotambwisa moteur na séquence ya ba étapes. (na vidéo na 09:04)

Boucle For: Boucle oyo ezongelaka motango ya mbala oyo eyebani.

for x in range(5):  # x ekozala 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
    print(x)

Boucle While: Boucle oyo ekomelaka kosalela ntango condition ezali ya solo. Oyo ezali malamu mpo na kokela boucle principale ya programme oyo ezalaka mpo na libela kino évènement spécifique esalemaka. (na vidéo na 12:13)

x = 9
while x > 5:
    print("Valeur ya x ezali:", x)
    x = x - 1  # Kokitisa x
print("Boucle esili")

Keba na ba boucles while True:. Bakokoba mpo na libela soki osaleli te déclaration break mpo na kobima na boucle to soki okosengeli te kokatisa programme.

Fonctions

Fonctions ezali ba blocs ya code oyo esalelamaka lisusu mpo na kosala tâche spécifique. Basalisaka code na yo ete ezala organisé mpe epekisa répétition. (na vidéo na 14:52)

def calculate_days(years):
    days = years * 365
    return days

# Sikoyo tokoki kosalela fonction oyo mbala ebele
days_in_10_years = calculate_days(10)
print("Ba mikolo na mibu 10:", days_in_10_years)

Awa, calculate_days ezali fonction oyo endimaka argument (years) mpe ezongisaka valeur. Ezali na efficacité koleka kokoma calcul mbala na mbala. Vidéo emonisaka mpe ndenge fonction moko ekoki kobenga mosusu, oyo esalisi yo kotonga opérations ya komplike longwa na biteni ya pete oyo ekoki komekama.

Listes

Listes esalelamaka mpo na kobomba collection ya ba objets oyo ezali na ordre. Ezali malamu mpo na kobomba séquence ya ba commandes mpo na robot na yo, lokola "forward", "back", "left", mpe "right". (na vidéo na 19:15)

move = ["forward", "back", "left", "right", "stop"]
print(len(move))  # Ekomaka motángo ya ba objets na liste (5)
print(move[0]) # Ekomaka objet ya liboso, "forward"

# Okoki kobakisa ba objets
move.append("cliff")
# Okoki kolongola ba objets
move.pop()  # Elongolaka "cliff"
# Okoki kobongola ba objets
move[2] = "fly"  # Ebongolaka objet ya misato na "fly"

Listes ezali na index ya zéro, elingi koloba ete objet ya liboso ezali na index 0. Fonction len() epesaka yo bolai ya liste, mpe okoki kosalela boucle for mpo na koleka na ba objets nyonso. Fonction enumerate() mpe elobami, oyo epesaka yo index mpe valeur na boucle, oyo ezali utile mpo na kosala na ba pins to ba capteurs ebele.

Kosala na Pins mpe Ntango

Awa nde okangaka logique ya Python na mokili ya physique. Osalelaka bibliothèque machine mpo na kokamba ba pins GPIO ya Pico. (na vidéo na 25:16)

from machine import Pin
import time

# Setup pin 22 lokola sortie
led = Pin(22, Pin.OUT)

# Zongisa LED na mokili mpe ezimisa yango
led.on()
time.sleep(1)
led.off()
time.sleep(1)

Okoki mpe kotanga longwa na pin na kotia yango lokola entrée na Pin(2, Pin.IN). Bibliothèque time ezali essentiel mpo na kobakisa délais (time.sleep()) mpe mpo na komeka ntango oyo eleki na time.ticks_ms() to kobongola entre formats ya ntango na time.localtime() mpe time.mktime(). Ezali crucial mpo na logique oyo etali ntango, lokola kosala signal ya pulse-width modulation (PWM) mpo na kokamba vitesse ya moteur.

Projet/Démonstration ya Mbala Moko

Na vidéo, formateur apesaka démonstration ya bopeto ya ba concepts oyo. Abandaka na kolakisa ba déclarations ya pete ya print() mpe ba assignations ya variables na interpréteur Python. Akende na ba exemples ya komplike koleka, na kolakisa ndenge ba déclarations if bongolaka déroulement ya programme kolandana na valeur ya variable.

Formateur alakisaka mpe exemple pratique ya hardware na kokangisa LED na Raspberry Pi Pico. Akomaka script ya MicroPython ya pete oyo ezongisaka LED na mokili mpe ezimisaka yango na délai ya seconde moko, na kolakisa résultat ya ko contrôler sortie physique na code. Exemple oyo ya maboko elendisaka connexion entre logique ya programmation mpe action ya mokili ya solo. Lesson esukaka na kolakisa ndenge ya kosalela enumerate mpo na kokamba ba pins ebele mpe ndenge ya kosalela module time mpo na ba opérations ya ntango ya avancé mpe ya planification.

Ba Chapitres

• [00:00] Introduction na Cours ya Smart Car ya Raspberry Pi Pico
• [01:31] Aperçu ya Cours mpe Ba Capacités ya Kit
• [03:33] Ba Variables mpe Ba Types ya Données na Python
• [07:39] Ba Déclarations Conditionnelles (If/Else)
• [09:04] Kososola Ba Boucles For
• [12:13] Koluka Ba Boucles While
• [14:52] Kozwa Minkandá mpe Kosalela Ba Fonctions
• [19:15] Kosala na Ba Listes mpe Ba Structures ya Données
• [25:16] Kokamba Ba Pins GPIO na MicroPython
• [29:54] Exemple Pratique: Kobwaka Mwinda ya LED
• [31:15] Kokamba Pins na Avancé na Enumerate
• [31:24] Kosala na Ba Fonctions ya Ntango