Mashruucka Relay-ka Fogga ah ee DIY: 13 Mayl oo aan Wi-Fi/aan SIM lahayn Heltec LoRa 32 Module

Mashruucka Relay-ka Fogga ah ee DIY: 13 Mayl oo aan Wi-Fi/aan SIM lahayn Heltec LoRa 32 Module

Kontoroolka Fogga Dheer ee LoRa ee Heltec WiFi LoRa 32

Qiyaas inaad awood u yeelato inaad kontorooliso fanka, nalka, bambada biyaha, ama qalalka amniga masaafo ka badan 15 mayl ama 21 kiiloomitir, dhammaan iyada oo aan loo baahnayn kaadhka SIM ama bixin khidmad. Tan waxaa suurtagal ah iyadoo la adeegsanayo teknoolojiyadda LoRa (Fogga Dheer), oo hagahan waxaan ku tusi doonnaa sida saxda ah ee loo dhiso nidaamkaas. Waxaan isticmaali doonnaa Heltec WiFi LoRa 32 module ee xoogga leh, oo si habboon loogu dhex dhigay Meshnology N35 case ee adag kaas oo ay ku jirto batari 3000mAh si uu u shaqeeyo muddo dheer.

Mashruucani wuxuu muujin doonaa sida loo habeeyo gudbiyaha iyo qaataha si loo kontoroolo culeyska laba siyaabood oo kala duwan: shaqo fudud oo qabasho/dami iyo shaqo toggal ah. Waxaan dabooli doonnaa isku xirka qalabka, fiilooyinka, dejinta koodka, oo waxaan ku tusi doonnaa tijaabo masaafo dhab ah.

Qaybaha iyo Qalabka

Xudunta mashruuceena waxaa ku jira dhowr qaybood oo muhiim ah oo loogu talagalay inay si wada jir ah u shaqeeyaan si loo helo masaafo ugu badan iyo isku halaynta.

• Heltec WiFi LoRa 32 V3: Kani waa kontoroolka yar ee kala duwan kaas oo la yimaada chip-ka isgaarsiinta LoRa ee ku dhex jira, iyo sidoo kale awoodaha Wi-Fi iyo Bluetooth. Waa si buuxda loo barnaamijin karaa sida Arduino, taas oo noo ogolaanaysa inaan akhrino wax-soo-saarka iyo kontoroolka wax-soo-baxa.
• Meshnology N35 Case & Battery: Kani waa kiish adag oo si gaar ah loogu talagalay module-ka Heltec. Marka loo iibsado sida kit, waxaa ku jira batari 3000mAh, kaas oo lagama maarmaan u ah gudbinta iyo qaadashada muddada dheer, gaar ahaan meelaha fogfog.
• Antenna-ga Heerka Sare: Si loo gaaro masaafada ugu fiican ee suurtagalka ah, waxaan isticmaali doonnaa antenna heer sare ah, kaas oo si weyn u wanaajiya xoogga signal-ka marka la barbar dhigo antenna-ga caadiga ah.
• Relay ama Buzzer: Qaataha, waxaad ku xiri kartaa relay si aad u kontorooliso qalabka AC ama DC ee xoogga sare leh sida fanka iyo nalka, ama buzzer fudud oo loogu talagalay codsiyada alarm-ka.

Isku Xirka Qalabka

Isku xirka qalabka waa hab fudud, sida lagu muujiyey fiidiyowga laga bilaabo 05:56. Kit-ka N35 wuxuu la yimaadaa module-ka Heltec, batari 3000mAh, kiishka, antenna leh fiilo dheeri ah, iyo pin-yaasha.

Tallaabooyinka ugu muhiimsan waxay ku lug leeyihiin gelinta badhammada kiishka, dhex marinta fiilada batteriga, ku xirista fiilada dheeriga ah ee antenna-ga module-ka, gelinta module-ka gudaha, iyo ku xirista batteriga. Kadib, si fudud u xir kiishka oo ku xir antenna-ga meesha ka baxsan. Waxaa xusid mudan in nooc hore oo kiishka ah uu u baahday wax ka beddel yar si loogu habboonaado antenna-ga, laakiin Meshnology ayaa tan hagaajiyay dhowrka cusub.

Fiilooyinka Culeyska Qaataha

Dhinaca qaataha, waxaad ku xiri doontaa qalabka wax-soo-saarkaaga. Hoos waxaa ku qoran tilmaamaha fiilooyinka ee relay iyo buzzer labadaba, sida lagu faahfaahiyey fiidiyowga 11:17.

Ku Xirida Relay

Relay wuxuu u shaqeeyaa sida furaha koronto ku shaqeeya, taas oo kuu ogolaanaysa inaad kontorooliso culeys xoog sare leh.

• Signal-ka pin-ka ee relay wuxuu ku xirmaa pin 4 ee module-ka Heltec LoRa.
• Pin-ka dhulka ee relay wuxuu ku xirmaa pin GND ee module-ka.
• Muhiim: Pin-ka VCC (korontada) ee relay waa inuu ku shaqeeyaa koronto dibadeed oo 5V ah. Wax-soo-saarka 3.3V ee module-ka si lagu kalsoonaan karo uma qaadi karo culeyska hadda ee relay-ga.
• Waa inaad abuurtaa dhul wadaag ah adoo ku xira dhulka korontada dibadeed ee dhulka module-ka Heltec. Tani waa lagama maarmaan si wareeggu u shaqeeyo.

Ku Xirida Buzzer-ka Transistor

Alarm maqal fudud, waxaad isticmaali kartaa buzzer. Si looga hortago in koronto badan laga soo qaado pin-ka mikro-kontoroolka, waxaan u isticmaalaynaa transistor NPN 2N2222 si loo wado.

• Ku xir pin 4 ee module-ka resistor 1kΩ. Dhamaadka kale ee resistor-ka wuxuu ku xirmaa base (pin-ka dhexe) ee transistor-ka.
• Emitter (pin-ka bidix, iyadoo dhinaca fidsan uu ku soo jeedo) wuxuu ku xirmaa GND.
• Collector (pin-ka midig) wuxuu ku xirmaa terminal-ka negative (-) ee buzzer-ka.
• Terminal-ka positive (+) ee buzzer-ka wuxuu ku xirmaa pin-ka 3.3V ee module-ka Heltec.

Arduino IDE iyo Dejinta Maktabadda

Ka hor intaadan soo gelin koodka, waxaad u baahan tahay inaad habeysid Arduino IDE si uu ula shaqeeyo looxyada Heltec. Nidaamku wuxuu ka bilaabmaa 14:37 fiidiyowga.

1. Ku rakibka ESP32 Boards: Gala Arduino IDE, tag Boards Manager oo raadi ESP32. Ku rakib xirmada ay soo saartay Espressif Systems.
2. Ku dar Heltec Board URL: Tag File > Preferences. Gudaheeda "Additional Boards Manager URLs," ku dar link-ka JSON ee taxanaha Heltec ESP32. Link-gan waxaa lagu bixin doonaa bogga kheyraadka ee hoos ku yaala maqaalka.
3. Ku rakib Heltec ESP32 Boards: Ku noqo Boards Manager, raadi Heltec ESP32, oo ku rakib xirmada.
4. Ku rakib Maktabadaha Loo Baahan Yahay: Tag Library Manager oo ku rakib kuwan soo socda:
   • Heltec ESP32 dev boards
   • Adafruit GFX Library (oo guji "Install All" si aad u hesho waxyaabaha ay ku xiran yihiin)
5. Ku rakib Robojax Library: Ka soo deji maktabadda zip-ka ee gaarka ah ee Robojax Heltec LoRa 32 bogga kheyraadka. Gudaheeda Arduino IDE, tag Sketch > Include Library > Add .ZIP Library oo dooro faylka aad soo dejisay.
6. Dooro Board-ka: Ugu dambeyntii, tag Tools > Board oo dooro Heltec WiFi LoRa 32 (V3).

Qeexida Dejinta Code-ka

Waxaan u leenahay saddex qaab code oo kala duwan mashruucan: mid loogu talagalay gudbiyaha on/off ee fudud, mid loogu talagalay gudbiyaha toggle-ka, iyo mid loogu talagalay qaataha. Maktabaddu waxay qabataa qaybaha adag, markaa waxaad u baahan tahay oo kaliya inaad hagaajiso dhowr dejinta ee kor ku yaala fayl kasta. Qeexida code-ka waxay ka bilaabataa 19:00 fiidiyowga.

Gudbiye (TX) - Dejinta Code-ka On/Off ee Fudud

Code-kani wuxuu daarayaa relay-ga oo keliya inta batoonka la haysto.

// Qoraalka lagu muujinayo shaashadda OLED
const char *displayTexttitle = "Relay:";
const char *displayTextTX = "(TX)";
const char *displayTextRelayON = "ON";
const char *displayTextRelayOFF = "OFF";

// Furaha amniga iyo soo noqnoqoshada (WAA INUU LA MID NOQDAO QAATAHA)
const char *userKey = "6tfDs$wEq3!";
#define RF_FREQUENCY 915555000 

// Awoodda gudbinta (2-21, sare waxay ka xoog badan tahay)
#define TX_OUTPUT_POWER 14 

Gudbiye (TX) - Dejinta Code-ka Toggle-ka

Code-kani wuxuu beddelaa xaaladda relay-ga (on ilaa off, ama off ilaa on) markasta oo batoonka la riixo.

// Ku deji true si aad u hesho kormeerka serial monitor, false si caadi ah loo isticmaalo
bool debug = true; 
// Batoonka isticmaalaha ee ku dhisan waa 0
#define PUSH_BUTTON_PIN 0  

// Qoraalka lagu muujinayo shaashadda OLED
const char *displayTextTitle = "Relay:";
const char *displayTextTX = "(TX)";
const char *displayTextRelayToggleON = "TOG-ON";
const char *displayTextRelayToggleOFF = "TOG-OFF";

// Furaha amniga iyo soo noqnoqoshada (WAA INUU LA MID NOQDAO QAATAHA)
const char *userKey = "6tfDs$wEq3!"; 
#define RF_FREQUENCY 915555000 

// Awoodda gudbinta (2-21)
#define TX_OUTPUT_POWER 2 

Dejinta Code-ka Qaataha (RX)

Code-kan qaataha ee keliya wuxuu la shaqeeyaa gudbiyaha fudud iyo toggle-ka labadaba.

// Binka ku xiran gelinta signal-ka relay-ga
#define RELAY_CONTROL_PIN 4

// Qoraalka lagu muujinayo shaashadda OLED
const char *displayTextTitle = "Relay:"; 
const char *displayTextTX = "(RX)"; 
const char *displayTextRelayON = "ON"; 
const char *displayTextRelayOFF = "OFF"; 
const char *displayTextRelayToggleON = "TOG-ON"; 
const char *displayTextRelayToggleOFF = "TOG-OFF"; 

// Furaha amniga iyo soo noqnoqoshada (WAA INUU LA MID NOQDAO GUDBIYAHA)
const char *userKey = "6tfDs$wEq3!";
#define RF_FREQUENCY 915555000 

Si muhiim ah, userKey iyo RF_FREQUENCY waa inay isku mid ahaadaan gudbiyaha iyo qaataha labadaba si ay isu xiriiraan.

Muuujin iyo Tijaabinta Kala Fogaan ee 13-Mile

Nidaamku wuxuu si qumman u shaqeeyaa jawiga shaybaarka, iyadoo relay-ga ama buzzer-ka qaataha uu si degdeg ah uga jawaabayo riixista batoonka gudbiyaha. Laakiin awoodda dhabta ah ee LoRa waa kala fogaanteeda.

Tijaabo kala fogaan dheer ayaa la sameeyay, sida laga arkay 25:03 iyo wixii ka dambeeya. Gudbiyaha waxaa loo dejiyay heer awood ah 20, oo lagu qalabeeyay anteeno faa'iido sare leh, waxaana la saaray saddex lugood oo ku yaala qiyaastii 10 mitir oo biyaha ka sarreeya xeebta harada si loo hubiyo aragti cad oo toos ah. Qaataha ayaa markaa la geeyay dhinaca kale ee harada.

Natiijadu waxay ahayd guul cajiib ah. Signal deggan ayaa laga helay masaafo dhan 13.04 mayl, ama 20.98 kiiloomitir. Tani waxay muujinaysaa in dejinta saxda ah, aad si lagu kalsoonaan karo ugu xakameyn karto qalabka masaafo aad u dheer, taasoo ka dhigaysa mid ku habboon codsiyada sida kormeerka beeraha ee fog, xakamaynta irdaha, ama nidaamka qaraxa ee kala fogaan dheer.

Waqtiyada Fiidiyowga

• 00:00 - Hordhaca Xakamaynta Kala Fogaan Dheer
• 02:42 - Waa maxay LoRa?
• 03:20 - Dulmarka Qaybaha (Heltec, N35 Case)
• 05:56 - Furitaanka iyo Isku Xirka Qalabka
• 11:17 - Qeexida Xiritaanka: Relay iyo Buzzer
• 14:37 - Arduino IDE & Dejinta Maktabadda
• 19:00 - Qeexida Dejinta Code-ka (TX iyo RX)
• 25:03 - Muujin & Tijaabinta Kala Fogaan ee 13-Mile