Aikin Relay Remote na DIY: Nisan mil 13 Ba tare da Wi-Fi/Ba tare da SIM Heltec LoRa 32 Module

Aikin Relay Remote na DIY: Nisan mil 13 Ba tare da Wi-Fi/Ba tare da SIM Heltec LoRa 32 Module

Sarrafa Nesa Mai Nisa ta LoRa tare da Heltec WiFi LoRa 32

Ka yi tunanin ikon sarrafa fan, fitila, famfon ruwa, ko ƙararrawar tsaro daga nisan mil 15 ko kilomita 21, duk ba tare da buƙatar SIM card ko biyan kuɗi ba. Wannan yana yiwuwa ta amfani da fasahar LoRa (Nesa Mai Nisa), kuma a cikin wannan jagorar, za mu nuna maka yadda za ka gina irin wannan tsarin. Za mu yi amfani da ƙaƙƙarfan Heltec WiFi LoRa 32 module, wanda aka sanya a cikin ƙaƙƙarfan Meshnology N35 case wanda ya ƙunshi baturi mai 3000mAh don aiki mai dogon lokaci.

Wannan aikin zai nuna yadda ake saita mai aikawa da mai karɓa don sarrafa kaya ta hanyoyi biyu: aikin kunnawa/kashewa mai sauƙi da aikin juyawa. Za mu rufe haɗin kayan aiki, wayoyi, saitunan code, da kuma nuna gwajin nisa na gaske.

Abubuwan Haɗi da Kayan Aiki

A tsakiyar aikinmu akwai ƴan mahimman abubuwan da aka tsara don aiki tare don samun iyakar nisa da aminci.

• Heltec WiFi LoRa 32 V3: Wannan microcontroller ne mai yawan amfani wanda ya zo tare da guntun sadarwar LoRa da aka gina a ciki, da kuma damar Wi-Fi da Bluetooth. Ana iya shirya shi gabaɗaya kamar Arduino, yana ba mu damar karanta abubuwan shigar da sarrafa abubuwan fitarwa.
• Meshnology N35 Case & Battery: Wannan akwati ne mai ɗorewa wanda aka tsara musamman don module na Heltec. Idan an saya shi a matsayin kit, ya ƙunshi baturi mai 3000mAh, wanda yake da mahimmanci don aikawa da karɓa na dogon lokaci, musamman a wurare masu nisa.
• Antenna Mai Girman Ribobi: Don cimma mafi kyawun nisa mai yiwuwa, za mu yi amfani da antenna mai girman ribobi, wanda ke inganta ƙarfin sigina sosai idan aka kwatanta da antenna na asali.
• Relay ko Buzzer: Ga mai karɓa, za ka iya haɗa relay don sarrafa na'urori masu ƙarfi na AC ko DC kamar fan da fitilu, ko buzzer mai sauƙi don aikace-aikacen ƙararrawa.

Haɗin Kayan Aiki

Haɗa na'urar tsari ne mai sauƙi, kamar yadda aka nuna a bidiyon daga kusan 05:56. Kit ɗin N35 ya zo tare da module na Heltec, baturi mai 3000mAh, akwati, antenna tare da kebul na tsawaitawa, da pin headers.

Babban matakan sun haɗa da sanya maɓallan a cikin akwati, wucewa da wayar baturi ta ciki, haɗa kebul na tsawaitawar antenna zuwa module, sanya module a ciki, da haɗa baturi. Sa'an nan, kawai ka rufe akwati kuma ka tsare madaidaicin antenna a waje. Ya kamata a lura cewa, sigar farko ta akwati tana buƙatar ƙaramin gyara don dacewa da madaidaicin antenna, amma Meshnology ya gyara wannan matsalar a sabbin batches.

Wayoyi don Kayan Fitarwa na Mai Karɓa

A gefen mai karɓa, za ka haɗa na'urar fitarwa. A ƙasa akwai umarnin wayoyi don duka relay da buzzer, kamar yadda aka yi bayani a bidiyon a 11:17.

Haɗa Relay

Relay yana aiki azaman maɓallin da ake sarrafa shi ta hanyar lantarki, yana ba ka damar sarrafa kaya mai ƙarfi.

• Fil ɗin sigina na relay yana haɗawa zuwa pin 4 na module na Heltec LoRa.
• Fil ɗin ƙasa na relay yana haɗawa zuwa fil ɗin GND akan module.
• Muhimmi: Fil ɗin VCC (wutar lantarki) na relay ya kamata a yi masa wutar lantarki ta wutar 5V ta waje. Fitarwar 3.3V na module ba zai iya ɗaukar ƙarfin relay ba da aminci.
• Dole ne ka ƙirƙiri ƙasa gama gari ta hanyar haɗa ƙasan wutar lantarki ta waje zuwa ƙasan module na Heltec. Wannan yana da mahimmanci don kewaye ya yi aiki.

Haɗa Buzzer tare da Transistor

Don ƙararrawar sauti mai sauƙi, za ka iya amfani da buzzer. Don hana ɗaukar ƙarfi mai yawa daga fil ɗin microcontroller, muna amfani da transistor na 2N2222 NPN don motsa shi.

• Haɗa pin 4 na module zuwa resistor na 1kΩ. Ƙarshen resistor ɗin yana haɗawa zuwa base (fil na tsakiya) na transistor.
• Emitter na transistor (fil na hagu, tare da gefen lebur yana fuskantar ka) yana haɗawa zuwa GND.
• Collector na transistor (fil na dama) yana haɗawa zuwa ƙarshen negative (-) na buzzer.
• Ƙarshen positive (+) na buzzer yana haɗawa zuwa fil ɗin 3.3V akan module na Heltec.

Saitin Arduino IDE da Library

Kafin ka iya loda code ɗin, kana buƙatar saita Arduino IDE don aiki tare da boards na Heltec. Tsarin yana farawa a 14:37 a cikin bidiyon.

1. Shigar da ESP32 Boards: A cikin Arduino IDE, je zuwa Boards Manager kuma bincika ESP32. Shigar da kunshin ta Espressif Systems.
2. Ƙara Heltec Board URL: Je zuwa File > Preferences. A cikin "Additional Boards Manager URLs," ƙara hanyar JSON don jerin Heltec ESP32. Wannan hanyar za a bayar a shafin albarkatu a ƙarƙashin labarin.
3. Shigar da Heltec ESP32 Boards: Koma zuwa Boards Manager, bincika Heltec ESP32, kuma shigar da kunshin.
4. Shigar da Required Libraries: Je zuwa Library Manager kuma shigar da waɗannan:
   • Heltec ESP32 dev boards
   • Adafruit GFX Library (kuma danna "Install All" don abubuwan da suka dogara da shi)
5. Shigar da Robojax Library: Zazzage ɗakin karatu na zip na Robojax Heltec LoRa 32 daga shafin albarkatu. A cikin Arduino IDE, je zuwa Sketch > Include Library > Add .ZIP Library kuma zaɓi fayil ɗin da ka zazzage.
6. Zaɓi Board: A ƙarshe, je zuwa Tools > Board kuma zaɓi Heltec WiFi LoRa 32 (V3).

Bayanin Saitunan Code

Muna da nau'ikan code guda uku daban-daban don wannan aikin: ɗaya don mai aikawa mai sauƙi na kunnawa/kashewa, ɗaya don mai aikawa mai juyawa, da ɗaya don mai karɓa. Library ɗin yana sarrafa sassa masu rikitarwa, don haka kawai kana buƙatar daidaita ƴan saituna a saman kowane fayil. Bayanin code yana farawa a 19:00 a cikin bidiyon.

Mai Aikawa (TX) - Saitunan Code na Sauƙi na Kunnawa/Kashewa

Wannan code yana kunna relay kawai yayin da ake riƙe maɓallin.

// Rubutu don nunawa akan allon OLED
const char *displayTexttitle = "Relay:";
const char *displayTextTX = "(TX)";
const char *displayTextRelayON = "ON";
const char *displayTextRelayOFF = "OFF";

// Maɓallin tsaro da mitar (DOLE YA DAIDATA DA MAI KARƁA)
const char *userKey = "6tfDs$wEq3!";
#define RF_FREQUENCY 915555000 

// Ƙarfin aikawa (2-21, mafi girma yana da ƙarfi)
#define TX_OUTPUT_POWER 14 

Mai Aikawa (TX) - Saitunan Code na Juyawa

Wannan code yana juyar da yanayin relay (daga kunnawa zuwa kashewa, ko kashewa zuwa kunnawa) da kowane latsa maɓallin.

// Saita zuwa true don gyara ta serial monitor, false don amfani na yau da kullun
bool debug = true; 
// Maɓallin mai amfani na ciki shine 0
#define PUSH_BUTTON_PIN 0  

// Rubutu don nunawa akan allon OLED
const char *displayTextTitle = "Relay:";
const char *displayTextTX = "(TX)";
const char *displayTextRelayToggleON = "TOG-ON";
const char *displayTextRelayToggleOFF = "TOG-OFF";

// Maɓallin tsaro da mitar (DOLE YA DAIDATA DA MAI KARƁA)
const char *userKey = "6tfDs$wEq3!"; 
#define RF_FREQUENCY 915555000 

// Ƙarfin aikawa (2-21)
#define TX_OUTPUT_POWER 2 

Saitunan Code na Mai Karɓa (RX)

Wannan code ɗin mai karɓa guda ɗaya yana aiki da duka masu aikawa na sauƙi da na juyawa.

// Pin ɗin da aka haɗa da shigar siginar relay
#define RELAY_CONTROL_PIN 4

// Rubutu don nunawa akan allon OLED
const char *displayTextTitle = "Relay:"; 
const char *displayTextTX = "(RX)"; 
const char *displayTextRelayON = "ON"; 
const char *displayTextRelayOFF = "OFF"; 
const char *displayTextRelayToggleON = "TOG-ON"; 
const char *displayTextRelayToggleOFF = "TOG-OFF"; 

// Maɓallin tsaro da mitar (DOLE YA DAIDATA DA MAI AIKAWA)
const char *userKey = "6tfDs$wEq3!";
#define RF_FREQUENCY 915555000 

Muhimmanci, userKey da RF_FREQUENCY dole ne su kasance iri ɗaya a kan duka mai aikawa da mai karɓa don su iya sadarwa.

Gwaji da Gwajin Nisa na Mil 13

Tsarin yana aiki da kyau a cikin yanayin lab, tare da relay ko buzzer na mai karɓa yana amsa nan take ga latsa maɓallin akan mai aikawa. Amma ainihin ƙarfin LoRa shine nisarsa.

An yi gwajin nisa mai tsawo, kamar yadda aka gani daga 25:03 gaba. An saita mai aikawa zuwa matakin ƙarfi na 20, tare da eriya mai ƙarfi, kuma an sanya shi a kan tripod kimanin mita 10 sama da matakin ruwa a bakin tafkin don tabbatar da cikakken layin gani. Sa'an nan an ɗauki mai karɓa zuwa ɗaya gefen tafkin.

Sakamakon ya kasance babban nasara. An karɓi sigina mai tsayayye daga nisa na mil 13.04, ko kilomita 20.98. Wannan yana nuna cewa tare da ingantaccen saiti, kana iya sarrafa na'urori cikin aminci a kan nisa mai tsawo, yana sa ya dace da aikace-aikace kamar kula da noma na nesa, sarrafa ƙofa, ko tsarin ƙararrawa na ɓarawo na nesa.

Lokutan Bidiyo

• 00:00 - Gabatarwa ga Sarrafa Nesa Mai Tsawo
• 02:42 - Menene LoRa?
• 03:20 - Bayanin Abubuwan (Heltec, N35 Case)
• 05:56 - Buɗewa da Haɗa Hardware
• 11:17 - Bayanin Wiring: Relay da Buzzer
• 14:37 - Saitin Arduino IDE & Library
• 19:00 - Bayanin Saitunan Code (TX da RX)
• 25:03 - Gwaji & Gwajin Nisa na Mil 13